2016 Vol.22

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Let's go big data GUO Yike Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (1): 1-2.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2015.05.016 Abstract （630）      PDF（pc） （1502KB）（396）       Knowledge map    Save Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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On the challenge for supercomputer design in the big data era LIAO Xiangke, TAN Yusong, LU Yutong, XIE Min, ZHOU Enqiang, HUANG Jie Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (1): 3-16.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2015.03.014 Abstract （813）      PDF（pc） （7213KB）（604）       Knowledge map    Save Because traditional supercomputer is designed for high-performance computing, big data processing applications brings some software and hardware challenges including compute, storage, communication and programming. This paper introduces optimization methods of Tianhe-2 supercomputer system to process big data, such as a new heterogeneous polymorphic architecture, custom high-speed TH-Express 2+ interconnection network, hybrid hierarchical storage system and hybrid computing pattern framework.These efforts maybe make help for how to design supercomputers in the age of big data. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Cited: Baidu(1)

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Precision medicine and big data GUO Yike1,2, YANG Xian2 Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (1): 17-27.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2015.05.015 Abstract （659）      PDF（pc） （7692KB）（433）       Knowledge map    Save To achieve precision medicine, collecting and analysing various big data are needed to quantify individual patients. This paper first discusses the need of using data from molecular level to pathway level and also incorporating medical imaging data. Different preprocessing methods should be developed for different data type, while some postprocessing steps for various data types, such as classification and network analysis, can be done by a generalized approach. From the perspective of research questions, this paper then studies methods for answering five typical questions from simple to complex. These questions are detecting associations, identifying groups, constructing classifiers, deriving connectivity and building dynamic models. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Cited: Baidu(1)

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KNN-based even sampling preprocessing algorithm for big dataset JI Chengheng, LEI Yongmei Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (1): 28-35.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2015.04.020 Abstract （793）      PDF（pc） （5144KB）（301）       Knowledge map    Save To solve the problem of low efficiency and high storage overheads in densitybased clustering algorithms, an algorithm of even data sampling based on K nearest neighbors (KNN) is proposed as a data preprocessing method of clustering applications. The sampling algorithm slices dataset and gets samples evenly. After slicing a dataset, for part of the samples, the algorithm removes each sample’s K nearest neighbors in a descending order according to the density. The remaining samples are then used as the sample dataset. Experimental results show that, with the increase of data size and the guaranteed accuracy, the sampling algorithm can effectively improve efficiency of clustering by reducing the amount of data needed in clustering. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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A context-aware weighting approach for big data of quality ratings in E-commerce QI Lianyong1,2, DOU Wanchun1, ZHOU Yuming1 Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (1): 36-44.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2015.04.021 Abstract （681）      PDF（pc） （5274KB）（284）       Knowledge map    Save With the fast development of E-commerce, large amounts of quality rating data for commodities are generated online. By analyzing the rating data, users can evaluate the commodities’quality. However, due to the massiveness and diversity of the rating data, it is a challenge for users to evaluate the commodity quality quickly and accurately. To this end, a context-aware weighting approach for E-commerce ratings, context-aware weighting approach (CWA) is proposed. With CWA, a few important rating data are selected and most unimportant data dropped. Thus the commodity quality can be evaluated quickly and accurately. A series of experiments validate effectiveness of the proposed CWA. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Survey of clustering methods for big data in biology LU Dongfang, XU Junfu, XIANG Chaojuan, XIE Jiang Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (1): 45-57.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2015.04.018 Abstract （1203）      PDF（pc） （10758KB）（1109）       Knowledge map    Save With the implementation of the Human Genome Project and the rapid development of biological experiment technology, biological data sharply grow and continuous accumulate. Age of big data in biology is coming. In the post genomic era, single statistical models are gradually replaced with combination of intelligent and comprehensive analyses. Clustering is the core of data mining. This paper describes the state-of-the-art technology of big data in bioinformatics, and summarizes several popular clustering methods on gene expression profiling and biological networks. Furthermore, some experiments are made to compare different clustering methods on the time series data of mouse embryonic fibroblasts, showing that different clustering methods have different results. To achieve more reliable conclusions for highly noisy biological data, it is necessary for investigators to do comprehensive analyses by selecting and combining proper clustering methods. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Product matching based on Internet and its implementation GU Qi1,2, ZHU Can1, CAO Jian1 Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (1): 58-68.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2015.04.016 Abstract （1147）      PDF（pc） （1978KB）（746）       Knowledge map    Save Entity resolution identifies entities from different data sources that refer to the same real-world entity. It is an important prerequisite for data cleaning, data integration and data mining, and is a key in ensuring data quality. With the rapid growth of E-commerce, diversity of products and flexible buying patterns of consumers, product identification and matching becomes a long-standing research topic in the big data era. While the traditional entity resolution approaches focus on structured data, the Internet data are neither standardized nor structured. In order to address this problem, this paper presents a synthesized similarity method to calculate similarity between different products. An agglomerate hierarchical clustering method is used to identify products from different sources. Also, the approach is optimized to improve efficiency of execution in three aspects: global cache, knowledge constraints, and blocking strategies. Finally, a series of experiments are performed on real data sets. The experimental results show that the proposed approach has a better performance compared with others. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Multilevel hybrid parallel method for big data applications HUANG Lei1, ZHI Xiaoli1, ZHENG Shengan2 Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (1): 69-80.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2015.04.017 Abstract （713）      PDF（pc） （10032KB）（282）       Knowledge map    Save Many large data applications require a variety of parallel data processing. This paper presents a two-layer hybrid parallel method, i.e., hybrid parallel of execution units and hybrid parallel of computing model. By hybrid parallel of execution units on the same computing node. The computing power of infrastructure can be fully taped, and thus data processing performance can be improved. By integrating several calculation models into the same execution engine in a parallel way, diverse heterogeneous processing modes may be applied. Different hybrid parallel ways can meet different data and calculation characteristics, and meet different parallel objectives as well. This paper introduces the basic ideas of hybrid parallel methods, and describes main implementation mechanisms of hybrid parallelism. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Cited: Baidu(1)

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Big data analysis of next generation video surveillance system for public security YAN Zhiguo, XU Zheng, MEI Lin, HU Chuanping Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (1): 81-87.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2015.04.015 Abstract （1052）      PDF（pc） （3242KB）（669）       Knowledge map    Save Video surveillance has become an important tool due to its rich, intuitive and accurate information. However, with the large-scale construction of video surveillance systems all over the world, useful information and clues cannot be found immediately from the huge video data. The problem affects detection efficiency in crime prediction and public security governance. A great variety of public security information systems have been built for management of traffic accidents, and prediction of criminal events and terrorist attacks. However, large redundant construction of systems leads to great waste of IT resource and information overload. Technologies such as big data, cloud computing and virtualization have been applied in the public security industry to solve these problems. This paper describes a novel architecture for the next generation public security system in which a front-plus-back pattern is used. In the architecture, cloud technologies such as distributed storage and computing, data retrieval of huge and heterogeneous data are introduced. Multiple optimized strategies are proposed to enhance resources utilization and efficiency of tasks. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Recognition of Chinese characters on license plates based on big data SHEN Wenfeng, ZHANG Jianlei, ZHOU Dingqian, CHEN Shengbo, QIU Feng Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (1): 88-96.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2015.04.019 Abstract （1010）      PDF（pc） （7518KB）（446）       Knowledge map    Save Today, traffic provides sources of huge scale data sets on the network, calling for the development of intelligent traffic. The license plate recognition (LPR) techniques are an important basis of intelligent traffic, and widely applied in applications such as garage management and traffic monitoring. However, the current LPR algorithms are imperfect in terms of recognition accuracy. Although working well in recognizing English letters and digits, they are unsatisfactory in recognizing Chinese characters. This paper proposes a license plate recognition algorithm using a deep belief network (DBN) algorithm consisting of restricted Boltzmann machines (RBM). It greatly improves the quality of Chinese character recognition with accuracy rate up to 99.44%. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Predicting number of online users by ε-SVR GU Chundong Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (1): 97-104.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2015.05.001 Abstract （770）      PDF（pc） （6140KB）（406）       Knowledge map    Save Predicting the number of online audio-visual users can provide valuable information to help manufacturers get more profits. Based on time series analysis, support vector regression is used to make accurate prediction with adjusted feature. The time series is first modeled and predicted, a linear regression model used to make further improvement, and then, by combining time and real-life characteristics, adding a new feature. Samples of the new feature are trained with support vector regression. Optimal parameters of the radial basis function are sought using the social cognitive optimization. A good prediction result can be obtained using the proposed method. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Concentration levels and distribution features of PAEs in water environment in Shanghai WU Minghong, WANG Fulin, YANG Xuexia, SHI Mingge, XU Gang Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (2): 105-113.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2016.02.004 Abstract （997）      PDF（pc） （1539KB）（387）       Knowledge map    Save Having selected 5 waste water treatment plants and 11 sampling points in Huangpu River, Shanghai, as research objects, a solid phase micro-extraction (SPME) mode was took to measure phthalate esters (PAEs) in waters. The results showed that diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) were major contributors of PAEs concentration, thus making them the main pollutants in Huangpu River. DIBP claimed much more responsibility than any other PAEs for the PAEs concentrations during inflow in waste water treatment plants. The PAEs concentrations decreased tremendously during outflow, and were far lower than those during inflow. With the average removal rate in 5 sewage water plants exceeding 70%, PAEs had been very well disposed. Ranging from 18.071~346.662 μg/L, PAEs concentrations in surface water were much lower in agricultural watersheds in the upstream than in business areas in the downstream of Huangpu River. A correlation analysis between PAEs discharged by water treatment plants and PAEs in Huangpu River showed no direct relevance between them. Therefore, specific sources of water pollutants in surface water requires further research. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Research progress of environmental persistent free radicals RUAN Xiuxiu, SUN Wanxue, CHENG Ling, QIAN Guangren Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (2): 114-121.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2016.01.002 Abstract （1782）      PDF（pc） （1104KB）（1147）       Knowledge map    Save Environmental persistent free radicals (EPFRs) is a new kind of environmental risk product, which may exist permanently in the environment with paramagnetic stability. This paper introduces the features, formation mechanism and influence factors of EPFRs. It is summarized that EPFRs has stronger environmental sustain ability and toxicity. Potential applications of EPFRs are introduced such as degrading organic matter by EPFRs to activate certain compounds and produce reactive oxygen species. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Cited: Baidu(1)

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Spatial and temporal variations of organochlorine pesticides in surface water, sediments and fishes collected from Dianshan Lake and the#br# associated human health risk ZHANG Xiaolan, GU Yue, LI Xiaojing, YU Yingxin Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (2): 122-130.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2016.01.005 Abstract （641）      PDF（pc） （3325KB）（299）       Knowledge map    Save Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are persistent organic pollutants. It can provide fundamental data to help researchers comprehensively understand the influence of contaminants inalake aquatic environment, investigate contamination levels and distribution characteristics of OCPs. The results showed that hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs), dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs) and its metabolites were the main OCPs in surface water and sediments, respectively. Accumulation of OCPs in wild fishes was observed.DDTs and HCHs in the lake were mainly historical residues. OCPs’ concentrations in sediments were stable, while those in surface water varied during the sampling period. Concentrations of contaminants in surface water were higher in wet season than in dry season. The contaminant levels in the inlet area were higher than in the effluent area. Dietary intake of fishes and water was the main exposure sources of DDTs and HCHs, but the contamination level was low, and it did not lead to significant health risks.   Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Seasonal and spatial distributions of chlorinated PAHs in road dust from downtown Shanghai WU Minghong1, WANG Yujie1, LIU Wenlong1, TANG Liang1, KANNAN Kurunthachalam2, OHURA Takeshi3, MA Jing1 Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (2): 131-140.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2016.01.001 Abstract （805）      PDF（pc） （4231KB）（340）       Knowledge map    Save Concentrations of twenty chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (ClPAHs) in road dust from downtown Shanghai were analyzed using gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC/MS). Eleven of twenty ClPAH congeners were found in road dust samples with more than a detection rate of 50%, indicating that ClPAHs were ubiquitous in road dust in downtown Shanghai. Seasonal variability of ClPAHs concentrations were observed, with higher concentrations in winter than in summer. The highest concentration of total ClPAHs was 24.9 ng/(g dw) (dw means dry weight) in winter. Concentrations of ClPAHs varied greatly in different functional areas, In particular, the highest concentration was found in transportation hub regions (21.2 ng/(g dw) in winter and 10.7 ng/(g dw) in summer) followed by construction and commercial areas, while the lowest concentration was found in green areas. The compositional analysis showed that 6-ClBaP and 7-ClBaA were the two most important components in the road dust samples. The toxic equivalent quantity (TEQ) ranges of ClPAHs were 0.01~4.81 ng-TEQ/(g dw) in winter and 0.01~1.78 ng-TEQ/(g dw) in summer, and the toxic equivalent of 7-ClBaA contributed the most. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in surface soil of Guiyu and the associated health risk to children LOU Sufang1, WANG Xinxin1, JIANG Zi’an1, LU Shaoyou2, YU Yingxin1 Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (2): 141-150.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2016.01.007 Abstract （853）      PDF（pc） （5331KB）（307）       Knowledge map    Save A total of 12 surface soil samples were collected from Guiyu of Guangdong Province, and the concentrations of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) including 14 congeners were determined. The results showed that the area was contaminated by PBDEs. The total concentrations of PBDEs ranged from 76.5 to 13 354.0 ng/(g dw) (dw meas dry weight), which were much higher than other regions. Among the 14 congeners, BDE209 was the prominent congener, followed by BDE47, BDE99, and BDE183, which indicated that technical Deca-BDE product was the main source of the PBDEs in the sampling sites, and technical Penta- and Oct-BDEs were also the important contributors. The estimated daily intakes and uptakes of PBDEs via oral ingestion and dermal contact by children were calculated, and the associated health risks at non-carcinogenic endpoint were assessed by using hazard quotient (HQ). The results showed that the estimated daily intakes of PBDEs vary from 31.1 to 5 430.0 and from 7.7 to 1 335.0 ng/d, respectively, and the dermal contact was the main pathway. Whereas, when the uptake efficiency of PBDEs was added into the calculation, the estimated daily uptakes of PBDEs decreased to 0.3～54.3 and 1.3～184.0 ng/d, respectively, and the oral ingestion was the main pathway then. In both cases, the HQ values were much less than 1, indicating that PBDEs in the area would not lead significant health risk to the local children. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Cited: Baidu(1)

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Investigation of heavy metal pollution in soil around chemical industrial area in Shanghai LI Yinyin1,2, HE Chiquan1 Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (2): 151-158.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2016.01.020 Abstract （713）      PDF（pc） （2935KB）（327）       Knowledge map    Save The pollution status and potential ecological risks of heavy metal in soil around chemical industrial area in Shanghai were studied. Spatial variation structures of 13 heavy metals (Ag, As, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Se, Sb, Tl, Zn and Hg) in the soil were analyzed. Single and composite pollution indices were used to evaluate heavy metal pollution in soil. The results showed that average concentrations of Ag, As, Be, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Se, Sb, Tl, Zn and Hg were 0.10, 10.20, 2.50, 0.60, 93.00, 78.00, 33.80, 14.90, 1.00, 3.45, 0.40, 124.00, 0.19 mg/kg, respectively. According to the Grade A Standard of Soil Quality Assessment for Exhibition Sites, the over-limit rates of Cu, Zn and Cd were 12.20%, 8.16%, and 8.16%, respectively. The over-limit rates of Cr, Ni, Sb and Hg were between 4.08% and 6.12%. Pollution in the surface and medium-layer soil in this area was more serious. The heavy metals’ concentration decreased with the increase of sampling depth at some monitored sites. With the study of correlation between soil heavy metal elements, it showed that the homology of heavy metal pollution and combined pollution in the soil. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Dicarbonyl compounds and formation secondary organic aerosol in atmosphere ZHOU Huan, FENG Yanli, JIANG Zhiming, QIU Yiqin, ZHANG Wensheng Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (2): 159-171.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2016.01.012 Abstract （823）      PDF（pc） （4886KB）（418）       Knowledge map    Save Contribution of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) to atmospheric haze is a hot topic in atmospheric chemistry. Dicarbonyl compounds (glyoxal and methylglyoxal) are intermediate products in atmospheric photochemical reactions, greatly contributing to the formation and growth of SOA. Dicarbonyl compounds in the atmosphere mainly come from biogenic sources such as isoprene and anthropogenic source such as acetylene and other volatile organic compounds oxidation. Dicarbonyl compounds can form SOA by gas particle partitioning, which is a reversible process. Dicarbonyl compounds can produce significant aerosol yields, attributed to hydration, polymerization and oxidation and other reactions to produce low volatile products, which is an irreversible process. A common detection method of dicarbonyl compounds is to use gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS) after derivatization. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Composition of secondary organic aerosol and its contributions to organic carbon in PM2.5 JU Fashuai, WANG Xintong, HAN Dewen, WANG Wu Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (2): 172-180.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2016.01.021 Abstract （824）      PDF（pc） （7106KB）（394）       Knowledge map    Save PM2.5 samples collected during summer were analyzed with gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC/MS). The purposes were to study the concentration levels and influence factors of secondary organic aerosol (SOA) formation, and estimate the contributions of secondary organic carbon (SOC) to organic carbon (OC) using a tracer-yield method. Isoprene tracers had a large percentage of total SOA tracers, which were 31.3% to 52.2%. The dominant isoprene tracer was 2-methylglyceric acid. -pinene SOA tracers had a small percentage of total SOA tracers, which were 16.4% to 35.8%. Concentration of toluene tracers ranged from 6.49 to 12.60 ng/m3, higher than Baoshan, Shanghai and Hong Kong, China, and lower than Beijing and Guangzhou. The contributions of SOC of toluene to OC were 11.5%～17.7% and SOC of toluene were important parts of SOC, indicating that anthropogenic emissions were important sources of air pollution. Positive correlation existed between SOA tracers and O3, indicating that O3 had great influence on SOC formation. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Combined effects of 1-nitropyrene and benzo(a)pyrene on cytotoxicity and DNA damage in human lung epithelial A549 cells SHANG Yu, ZHOU Qian, JIANG Yuting Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (2): 181-187.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2016.01.008 Abstract （978）      PDF（pc） （1581KB）（277）       Knowledge map    Save Using human lung epithelial A549 cells, combined toxic effects of 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) and benzo(a)pyrene (B[a]p) were evaluated. The 1-NP caused a significantly concentration-dependent viability decrease, DNA damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Compared with the groups treated with 1-NP alone, viability was significantly increased and ROS generation was significantly reduced in combined-treated groups with 1-NP and B[a]p. However, the DNA damage was significantly increased in the combinedtreated groups compared with the groups treated with 1-NP alone. These results suggested that 1-NP may mediate the cytotoxic effects through ROS generation, and pretreatment, with B[a]p may inhibit ROS generation induced by 1-NP, and thereby reducing the cell death in A549 cells. However mechanisms of DNA damage deserves further investigations. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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null HU Xing, DU Liting, WANG Fei, BAI Xiaoqing, LIU Xuelan, YANG Yang Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (2): 188-196.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2016.01.003 Abstract （633）      PDF（pc） （13385KB）（228）       Knowledge map    Save null Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Effects and improvement suggestions of green account system for waste classification and reduction in Shanghai WU Jianzhong, ZHOU Xujie, YAN Xiaofang, WANG Fei, BAI Xiaoqing, LI Yongping, WANG Yuhua, ZHOU Jizhi Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (2): 197-202.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2016.01.009 Abstract （985）      PDF（pc） （1145KB）（457）       Knowledge map    Save Establishment of a green account system is a major strategy to promote waste classification and reduction in Shanghai. A green account system was evaluated in terms of efficiency by visiting residents and surveying the literature. The results revealed that the two challenges to the current system were the large budget and low enthusiasm of the residents in garbage sorting. Two innovations were proposed to improve the system. One was to adjust payment of subsidy to the classification assistant to enhance relevance between the green account and waste classification. Another was to construct a platform to promote the green account, in which a sustainable driving force was built to link the residents’ classification behavior and their consuming. All these can make a breakthrough in popularizing the green account and promote waste classification. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Removal of Cr(Ⅵ) in soil by chitosan stabilized nanoscale zero iron YAN Lijun1,2, LIU Moli1, HU Xuefeng1 Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (2): 203-210.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2016.01.011 Abstract （551）      PDF（pc） （6662KB）（601）       Knowledge map    Save Removal efficiency of Cr(Ⅵ) in soils by chitosan stabilized nanoscale zero-valent iron was studied. Experimental results showed that the removal efficiency increased with zero-valent iron dosage. The maximum removal efficiency was 95.9%, six times of 100 mesh iron filing. The initial concentration of Cr(Ⅵ) in soil and pH value were all inversely proportional to the removal efficiency. Removal of Cr(Ⅵ) in soils by zero-valent iron was a result of the interaction of adsorption and reduction. The reduction process of nanoscale zero-valent iron accorded with pseudo first-order reaction kinetics, and the apparent rate constant kobs was 0.016/min. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Anti-scale performance of polyepoxysuccinic acid with conductivity measurement ZHU Shuiping, CAO Liya, YIN Tiantian, WANG Chaoqun, LIU Xiaoyan Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (2): 211-217.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2016.01.006 Abstract （867）      PDF（pc） （1088KB）（294）       Knowledge map    Save With the proposal and development of green chemistry, corrosion inhibitors tend to be environmental friendly. This paper explores the anti-scale performance of polyepoxysuccinic acid (PESA) on CaCO3 scale, BaCO3 scale, BaSO4 scale at different temperatures and different concentrations with conductivity measurement. The results showed that the ability of anti-scale performance of PESA was good. With the increasing of its concentration, the anti-scale performances of PESA on CaCO3 and BaSO4 continued to strengthen, while BaCO3 decreased after the concentration rised to 40 mg/L. With temperature increasing, its anti-scale performance of CaCO3 scale decreased, while BaCO3 scale and BaSO4 scale increased. Therefore, PESA is an excellent anti-scale inhibitor suitable for inhibiting CaCO3, CaSO4, and BaSO4 at normal temperature of the factory. Moreover, the conductivity measurement is simple and fast, and it can be used in exploring the anti-scale performance of scale inhibitors. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Preparation of layered Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst and its catalytic performance for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol XIAO Shuo1,2, GAO Peng2, YANG Haiyan2, XIA Lin2, ZHANG Jianming2, CHEN Zhiwen1, WANG Hui2 Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (2): 218-230.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2015.05.019 Abstract （495）      PDF（pc） （15329KB）（259）       Knowledge map    Save Layered Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalysts were prepared with ahomogeneous precipitation method using urea hydrolysis. The mixed oxides were then obtained by the calcination and reduction of precursors and tested for methanol synthesis from CO2 hydrogenation. The prepared materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric(TG), scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), BET, H2-temperature program reduction (H2-TPR), N2O chemisorption, and CO2-temperature program desorption (CO2-TPD) techniques. Compared with the catalysts prepared by conventional co-precipitation method, the crystallinity degree of precursors, the BET specific surface area and dispersion of copper were increased with ahomogeneous precipitation method. This improvement was significant with reflux treatment during the homogeneous precipitation process. Evaluation of these catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol revealed that the CO2 conversion increased with increase of Cu specific surface area, and methanol selectivity was related to the proportion of strongly basic sites. Therefore, the maximum methanol yield was obtained over the Cu/ZnO/Al2O3 catalyst prepared using ahomogeneous precipitation method with reflux treatment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Influence of charge collection efficiency on energy spectrum for planar CdZnTe detector LI Yang1, LUO Wenyun1, JIA Xiaobin1, ZHANG Jialei1, WANG Linjun2 Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (2): 231-237.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2016.01.004 Abstract （689）      PDF（pc） （7551KB）（405）       Knowledge map    Save Using Monte-Carlo code Geant4 to model the planar CdZnTe detector, the incidences of two different energy ray 241Am (59.5 keV) and 137Cs (662 keV) to the planar CdZnTe detector from the cathode surface perpendicularly were simulated. The charge collection efficiency was calculated by adding the Hecht equation in Geant4. Combined with distributions of the deposited energy, electron-hole pairs and the interaction types, the influence of charge collection efficiency on the energy spectrum was discussed. The results showed that the energy spectrum shifted to the low energy side after considering the charge collection efficiency. The shift was closely connected to the maximum charge collection efficiency. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Preparation and properties of Ni-doped SnO2 nanospheres for lithium-ion battery anode materials MIAO Chunjie, HU Zhixiang, REN Lanlan, GAO Ziming, DONG Jingyu, LI Qi, LUO Zhigang, CHEN Zhiwen Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (2): 239-244.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2015.05.020 Abstract （578）      PDF（pc） （11228KB）（291）       Knowledge map    Save Ni-doped SnO2 nanospheres were synthesized with a facile one-step hydrothermal method as a high-performance anode material for lithium-ion batteries. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM), Raman analyzer, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and electrochemical performance testing equipment such as blue electrical test systems and electrochemical workstation were used to investigate morphology, composition, crystallization behavior and electrochemical properties of Ni-doped SnO2 and find the best doping reaction time. It has been found that the appropriate Ni-doped SnO2 nanospheres showed much better rate capability and excellent cycling performance compared with the pristine SnO2. In particular, the sample of 5%  Ni-doped SnO2 whose reaction time was 12 h showed a high initial discharge capacity of 1 970.3 mA·h/g at a current density of 100 mA/g, far higher than the theoretical capacity of SnO2 of 782 mA·h/g. This was because Ni-doping could accommodate huge volume expansion and avoid agglomeration of nanoparticles. Thus, the electrochemical performance of Ni-doped SnO2 nanospheres was significantly improved. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Characteristics and pore structures of shale reservoir rocks in eastern and southeastern Chongqing of China ZHU Yangsheng1,2, SONG Xuehang2, GUO Yintong3, XU Feng3, SUN Nannan2, WEI Wei2,4, CHEN Zhiwen1 Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (2): 246-260.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2015.05.021 Abstract （738）      PDF（pc） （29905KB）（232）       Knowledge map    Save Elemental compositions, mineral compositions, reservoir space types and mechanical properties of shale samples from the Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation and Lower Jurassic Ziliujing Formation were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), gas adsorption (N2, CO2) analysis, field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and uniaxial compressive tests. It was found that both formations arecharacterized by relatively high brittleness, high elastic modulus and lowPoisson’s ratio. That was advantageous for fracturing. To be more specific, each sample was composed of quartz, clay, feldspar, calcite, dolomite, pyrite, berlinite and other minerals. In general, quartz content was higher than 45%, while clay content was relatively low(24.4%~32.5%), with chlorite, illite and kaolinite representing the major components. The SEM results indicated that pores could be classified into four types, namely intragranular pore, intergranular pore, organic matter pore and microfracture. In addition, the porosity of sample was 5% (capacity) with diameters mainly in the range of 0~20 nm.The BET specific surface areas and pore volumes were positively related to the total organic carbon content (TOC) and clay content, while brittle minerals had a negative effect to these parameters. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Cardiac remodeling and regeneration: the spotlight in cardiovascular research Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (3): 261-264.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2016.04.020 Abstract （1352）      PDF（pc） （638KB）（490）       Knowledge map    Save Cardiac remodeling and regeneration: the spotlight in cardiovascular research Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Circulating miRNAs predict response to cardiac resynchronization therapy WANG Fei, Saumya Das Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (3): 265-269.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2016.04.019 Abstract （832）      PDF（pc） （539KB）（256）       Knowledge map    Save Heart failure (HF) is one of the most common syndrome seriously harmful to human health. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) is an exciting recent advancement for HF patient by targeting ventricular systolic dyssynchrony, but it has been proved that CRT cannot achieve hemodynamic or clinical benefit for all patients. It is very essential to find out biomarkers for predicting responsive patients. Circulating extracellular microRNAs(miRNAs) have emerged as novel biomarkers for many diseases. Recent study indicated that a high level of circulating miR-30d could predict response to CRT, which may have bright prospects in future research and application. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Cited: Baidu(1)

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Gene therapy for cardiovascular disease DING Qiurong, CHEN Yanhao Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (3): 270-279.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2016.03.013 Abstract （1300）      PDF（pc） （1808KB）（336）       Knowledge map    Save Gene therapy shows great promise in the treatment of both inherited and acquired cardiovascular diseases. Identification of key molecule players in pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease and development of human disease genomic research lead to encouraging preclinical gene therapy studies in animal models. However, the presence of cellular immune responses, insufficient gene expression level and overall limited in vivo gene transduction efficiencies have hampered the translational progress to clinical use of gene therapy. In recent years, improvements in gene delivery system and discovery of advanced genome editing technologies open new therapeutic perspectives, with clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISRP)/Cas9 genome editing technology already being successfully used in animal models to treat hypercholesterolemia. Further improvement in gene delivery efficiency, increase in targeting specificity of genome editing tools, and establishment of experimental systems for a thorough analysis of potential safety problems would help eventually bring gene therapy for heart disease to reality. In this review, recent advances in the use of different delivery vectors and CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology in gene therapy research to treat cardiovascular diseases are discussed. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Stem cells and cardiac regeneration GONG Hui, CHEN Zhidan, ZOU Yunzeng Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (3): 280-284.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2016.03.016 Abstract （1119）      PDF（pc） （559KB）（307）       Knowledge map    Save Human myocardium has poor regenerative power, and significant myocardial injury results in irreversible damage, remodeling, and dysfunction. Stem cells enable promising regenerative strategies for cardiovascular diseases. The search for suitable stem cell phenotypes that will improve myocardial regenerative ability needs better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of repair and regeneration. Previous reports have suggested that several stem phenotypes regulate myocardial regeneration in vitro and in vivo. This review describes the therapeutic potential of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy in terms of angiogenic and regenerative capacity after myocardial infarction. In addition, the effect of cardiac side population cells (CSPs) and the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) in cardiac regeneration are discussed. The review provides recent data and helps broaden therapeutic potential and clinical impact of stem cell therapy. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Induced pluripotent stem cells in cardiac regeneration HU Shijun1,2, YU You1,2, FANG Xing1,2, LEI Wei1,2, ZHAO Zhen’ao1,2 Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (3): 285-292.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2016.04.001 Abstract （832）      PDF（pc） （2789KB）（501）       Knowledge map    Save Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have emerged as a novel tool for cell therapy for cardiovascular diseases. iPSCs are functionally similar to embryonic stem cells (ESCs) while avoiding ethical issues and immune rejection. Given limited regenerative ability of human heart following cardiovascular diseases cardiovascular cells derived from iPSCs have been considered as a promising cell source in cardiovascular regenerative therapy. This paper summarizes and discusses the iPSCs technology and its potential regenerative applications in cardiac regeneration. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Exercise-induced cardiac regeneration: new therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases BEI Yihua, XIAO Junjie Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (3): 293-301.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2016.03.018 Abstract （1323）      PDF（pc） （614KB）（422）       Knowledge map    Save Adult mammalian heart has limited regenerative capacity, obviously insufficient to recover cardiomyocyte loss after injury. Exercise can induce cardiac regeneration, not only through promoting cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and renewal while reducing apoptosis, but also through modulating the functions of endothelial cells and fibroblasts. IGF-1/PI3K/Akt signaling, C/EBPβ/CITED4 transcription factors and nitric oxide are essential molecular mechanisms mediating exercise-induced cardiac regeneration. In addition increasing interests are focused on the roles of microRNAs, considered as important biomarkers, in exercise-induced cardiac regeneration. More importantly, exercise-induced cardiac regeneration protects against myocardial infarction, ischemia-reperfusion injury, metabolic cardiomyopathy, and aging-related myocardial injury. Exercise-induced cardiac regeneration may be a potential therapeutic strategy for cardiovascular diseases. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Cited: Baidu(5)

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Non-coding RNAs mediate cardiac remodeling and regeneration GAO Feng1,2, CHEN Jinghai1,2 Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (3): 302-309.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2016.03.021 Abstract （944）      PDF（pc） （2858KB）（310）       Knowledge map    Save Recently, more and more evidences indicate that a large number of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are involved in gene expression, physiological and pathological regulation, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs). Cardiac remodeling and regeneration are key to cardiovascular biology and diseases. Regulation of gene expression during cardiac remodeling and regeneration is complicated, involving epigenetic, transcriptional, post-transcriptional and translational regulation. In the past decade, miRNAs have drawn much attention for their impact on cardiovascular diseases and regeneration. miRNAs negatively regulate the expression of the target genes through post-transcriptional regulation. Recent research uncovered that lncRNAs play an important role in cardiac development and diseases, involving epigenetic, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation, making lncRNAs become another group of key regulatory non-coding RNAs. This paper summarizes the recent progress in the study of non-coding RNAs in cardiac remodeling and cardiac regeneration. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Cited: Baidu(2)

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Non-coding RNAs and myocardial remodeling WANG Jianxun1, GAO Jinning1, DING Wei2 Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (3): 310-317.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2016.04.002 Abstract （725）      PDF（pc） （592KB）（297）       Knowledge map    Save Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a class of RNA molecules that do not encode proteins. Studies show that ncRNAs are not only involved in cell proliferation, apoptosis, differentiation, metabolism and other physiological processes, but also in pathogenesis of diseases. Myocardial remodeling is the main pathological basis of a variety of cardiovascular diseases. Many studies have shown that occurrence and development of myocardial remodeling are closely related to the regulation of ncRNAs. Recent researches of ncRNAs in heart disease have achieved rapid advances. Aimed to look for new targets for heart disease treatment, this paper systematically introduces the latest research progress, mainly in the mechanism of ncRNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs) in myocardial remodeling. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0） Cited: Baidu(2)

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Application of sonosensitizers derived from Chinese herb products in sonodynamic therapy for atherosclerosis treatment KOU Jiayuan1, JIANG Yueqing1, TIAN Ye1,2, YANG Liming1 Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (3): 318-325.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2016.03.012 Abstract （960）      PDF（pc） （991KB）（403）       Knowledge map    Save At present, morbidity of cardiovascular disease induced by atherosclerosis (AS) is becoming higher. Besides expensive intervention and bypass surgery, it is extremely urgent to look for a popular and effective method for the treatment of AS. Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a non-invasive targeting therapy, and is promising for AS treatment based on the SDT-related research. Sonosensitizer, an application of SDT, is an entry points of the SDT investigation. Therefore, different sonodynamic effects with different sonosensitizers are investigated by researchers in AS treatment. In recent years, it is found that sonosensitizers derived from Chinese herb products play an important role in SDT, exerting potent sonodynamic effects for AS treatment. This review briefly summarizes the action of SDT and relevant development of SDT with emodin, curcumin, hypericin and its derived derivatives as sonosensitizers for AS treatment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Advances of transcription factor Bach1 in cardiovascular diseases JIA Mengping, GUO Jieyu, MENG Dan Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (3): 326-330.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2016.03.014 Abstract （2051）      PDF（pc） （3738KB）（512）       Knowledge map    Save BTB and CNC homology 1 (Bach1) is a transcription factor widely existing in most tissues of mammals. Bach1 negatively regulates various antioxidant gene such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), involving oxidative stress. Knockout of Bach1 has a protective effect on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. Recent research found that Bach1 inhibits the Wnt/b-catenin signaling pathway and angiogenesis in hindlimb ischemia of mice. This paper focuses on the research of Bach1 in cardiovascular diseases. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Slit-Robo signal pathway in cardiovascular development ZHANG Bing, FU Yi Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (3): 331-335.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2016.03.009 Abstract （947）      PDF（pc） （535KB）（327）       Knowledge map    Save Slit-Robo pathway has recently been shown to be vital in cardiovascular development and regeneration. Slit3, a proangiogenic factor, regulates angiogenesis and organ formation in embryonic development by binding to its receptor Robo4. Activation of Slit3-Robo4 promotes formation of vascular network in engineered tissues. Heparan sulfate regulates the development of blood vessel and diaphragm through modulating the Slit3-Robo4 signal pathway. Moreover, the Slit-Robo signal pathway plays an essential role in developing cardiac systematic venous return and pericardium. Deficiency of Slit3 leads to developmental defect of other organs such as kidney and ureter. Therefore, further understanding of the Slit3-Robo4 signal pathway in the future may provide a theoretical foundation and therapeutic targets for prevention and therapy of cardiovascular and related diseases. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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Macrophage migration inhibitory factor deficiency aggravates cardiac hypertrophy induced by phenylephrine in mice XIAO Zhen, ZHU Jiening, TANG Chunmei, LIN Qiuxiong, HU Zhiqin, ZHANG Zhuo, FU Yongheng, ZHANG Mengzhen, SHAN Zhixin Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）    2016, 22 (3): 336-343.   DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2016.03.011 Abstract （836）      PDF（pc） （4943KB）（302）       Knowledge map    Save To investigate the effect of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) deficiency on the cardiac hypertrophy induced by hypodermic injection of phenylephrine (PE) in mice. A mouse model of cardiac hypertrophy induced by hypodermic injection of PE was established based on MIF-knockout (MIF-KO) mouse and the wide type control (WT) mouse. The left ventricular (LV) structure and function variables were assessed by transthoracic echocardiography. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay was performed to detect cardiomyocyte apoptosis. Expressions of SOD1, SOD2 and Trx2 were determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western Blot assay, respectively. ①A mouse model of cardiac hypertrophy was achieved, induced by hypodermic injection of 20 mg/(kg·d) PE for 3 d. Compared with WT mice, PE injection induced more severe cardiac hypertrophy in MIF-KO mice. ②TUNEL assay revealed that the level of PE injection-induced cardiomyocte apoptosis in the myocardium of MIF-KO mouse was higher than that in WT mice. ③Expressions of SOD1 and Trx2 were significantly decreased in the myocardium of MIF-KO mice after PE injection, and reduction of Trx2 protein in myocardium of MIF-KO mice was more than that in WT mouse. MIF deficiency attenuates the expressions of SOD1 and Trx2, contributing to the aggravation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis and cardiac hypertrophy induced by hypodermic injection of PE in mice. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics | Comments（0）

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