Table of Content

28 February 2013, Volume 19 Issue 1

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Computer Engineering and Science

Elastic Algorithm in Cloud Computing: Overview and Prospect

GUO Yi-ke, HAN Rui

2013, 19(1):  1-4.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.01.001

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In recent years, cloud computing has emerged as a cost-effective way to deliver on-demand and metered computing resources. In a cloud, elasticity of resource usage is typically realized through the “on-demand” provision principle supported by the “pay-as-you-go” business model. However, little has been investigated into elasticity of algorithm for cloud computing. This paper introduces a novel elastic algorithm (EA) in which the computation itself is organized in a “pay-as-you-go” fashion. In contrast to conventional algorithms, where computation is a deterministic process that only produces an “all-or-nothing” result, an EA generates a set of approximate results corresponding to its resource consumption. As more resources are consumed, better results can be derived. In this sense, quality of the algorithm is elastic to its resource consumption. The desirable properties for EA are formalized, and ambitious agenda for future research is provided in this area and propose several challenges.

Cloud Computing and Standardization of Cloud Computing Implementation: Review and Exploration

JIANG Yong-sheng, PENG Jun-jie, ZHANG Wu

2013, 19(1):  5-13.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.01.002

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This article reviews cloud computing and cloud computing implementation in China, and summarizes the status of development as “having a clear concept but lacking operational measures, following what others say but without asking why”. The development of cloud computing in China has shown two major features: emphasizing infrastructure construction but looking down on applications, and having laid a good foundation, but being still left behind as compared to some developed countries. The academia and industry have already recognized the great potential of cloud computing, and paid much attention to it. However, the absence of standards in cloud computing implementation has become a bottleneck in our cloud computing industry. From the practical point of view and by understanding the importance of cloud computing and Internet service development, this article points out that cloud computing is something for solving different problems so as to bring about a cloud revolution, rather than just a change of business mode as which is generally considered. In view of this, this article proposes to give definitions of cloud computing and cloud computing implementation standard.

SaaS-Flow System Structure Based on Cloud Platform

DONG He, XU Ling-yu

2013, 19(1):  14-20.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.01.003

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To provide reliable real-time cloud computing services for large-scale data access and massive marine information processing and by combining the idea of workflow and software-as-a-service (SaaS), a concept of software service flow and build a software service flow architectures system based on a cloud platform is proposed. In this system, a service flow engine is an underlying layer, which interacts with the Hadoop platform. When processing user requests, the engine runs a self-design algorithm which analyses and combines service flow, and is delivered to the underlying layers for execution. Moreover, for the sake of control service flow and manager resource, it also providers many transparent interfaces to the upper layers with representational state transfer (REST) style, thus reducing complexity of development and improving scalability of the system. Users can access the Web page, customize software services, and monitor the cloud platform on real-time. On this platform, large-scale data access, high concurrency, and high-density access are a normal status. By building an initial prototype system, the availability and efficiency of the SaaS-flow system structure is proved.

CPSE-Bio: A Cloud-Based Biological Problem Solving Environment

XIE Jiang, WANG Min-chao, YI Rong-gui, XIA Shang-yun, ZHANG Wu

2013, 19(1):  21-25.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.01.004

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Bioinformatics is an interdisciplinary subject which combines biology with computer science to address biological problems. The purpose of problem solving environment (PSE) is to solve scientific problems and provide an effective platform for researchers. As the scale of biological data is huge and data increase rapidly with the development of the biology technology, it is hard for the traditional PSE based on a sequential computer system to meet the processing emand. This paper reviews the work of the Bioinformatics Group at the School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University. PSE with the cloud technology and implement a bioinformatics PSE named CPSE-Bio, based on cloud computing are combined. The performances of two main modules in the CPSEBio, multi-database retrieval technology (MDRT) and protein mining (PM), are evaluated and analyzed.

Industry Structure and Business Model of Chinese Cloud Computing

ZHOU Wen, JING Ming-yang, WU Chen-kang, XU Yi-qiu, MA Wen, GUO Yi-ke, ZHANG Wu

2013, 19(1):  26-30.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.01.005

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With the rise of cloud computing, the industrial structure and business models of cloud computing gradually become a hot research field. This paper studies the status of research on the industrial structure and cloud computing applications. An effective division of the existing industrial structure of China’s cloud computing is discussed. Business model is established from the perspective of economic scale, network effects, technology and user stickiness. Business patterns are classified according to the different stages of development and the needs of enterprise. Based on the level of development of China’s cloud computing and industrial policies, the cloud computing research, application challenges and future prospects are analyzed.

Dynamic User-Integrated Architecture for Cloud Computing

HU Guan-nan, LU Zhi-guo, ZHAN Hua-qing, LU Ming, ZHU Wen-hao, LIU Wei, WANG Xiao-wei, ZHANG Wu

2013, 19(1):  31-34.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.01.006

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Cloud computing has become a hot topic as the symbol of the 3rd IT revolution. Currently, the general cloud computing architecture requires intensive data and computing center that require massive hardware investment and high speed network access. However, the current network infrastructure in China may not meet the requirement, while the over-heated construction of cloud centers may also have caused waste of existing PC hardware. Base on that, a dynamic user integrated cloud computing architecture is proposed that integrates user resources into the cloud center while providing cloud services. This paper propose a video on demand system based on the proposed architecture. Preliminary tests show that the system can be expanded while keeping the service quality.

Health Monitoring System Based on Cloud Computing Platform

ZHANG Hui-ran, DAI Jia-zhu, LI Zhi-long, SHEN Xiao-long

2013, 19(1):  35-38.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.01.007

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In medical science, it is a general view that in most cases paroxysmal diseases cause people’s death due to delay of necessary treatment. Therefore, to provide fast and effective medical help is an important issue. This paper introduces a health monitoring system based on cloud computing which can let doctors get the patient’s information such as physical status, medical history, geographical location timely and accurately. Based on the system, doctors can provide reliable medical advice to the patients and communicate with their family promptly.

Cyclic Key Update Scheme Based on Sharing Group for Distributed Secure Storage

QIAN Quan, WANG Tian-hong, HUANG Guo-rui, ZHANG Rui

2013, 19(1):  39-43.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.01.008

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Distributed storage is an efficient means for massive data storage. However, the key distribution and update are big challenges for such multi-user network environments. In traditional methods, key distribution and update are controlled by the key distribution center (KDC). The increases users inevitably increase the KDC’s workload. In this paper, a sharing group based cyclic key update scheme (CKUS) is proposed, which makes use of the cyclic characteristic of Chebyshev polynomials and the key management feature of logical key hierarchy (LKH). The special feature of CKUS is that key updating and transmitting do not resort to the public and private keys, but are only multicast by the file owner directly. Thus, file sharers only use local computations, thus increasing computational efficiency. At the same time, the scheme takes advantage of the Chebyshev polynomial’s cyclic characteristic, which make each file sharers update its key self-adaptively, reduce network traffic of key update effectively, and reduces the keys storage requirements of the user nodes.

Architecture Design for Internet Application Oriented Cloud Operating System

ZHI Xiao-li, LIAO Wen-zhao, CAI Li-zhi, TONG Wei-qin

2013, 19(1):  44-48.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.01.009

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The kernel of cloud computing is to provide IT services on demand, which has great impact on providers of IT infrastructure. An architecture design is roposed for INACloud, a cloud operating system targeted at small and medium enterprises. INACloud tries to obtain a balance among solutions to the operational problems, selfinnovation, and open-source software utilization. It is specially designed in resource scheduling, monitoring and accounting to cater for the dynamic resource demands from Internet applications.

Mobile Cloud Position Information Service Based on Relationship and State

XIANG Jin-feng, LEI Zhou, ZHANG Long, SHEN Wen-feng, DUAN Feng

2013, 19(1):  49-53.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.01.010

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Limited resources and user information leak restrict the development and promotion of location-based services (LBS) applications. By combining the powerful computing power and storage capacity of cloud computing and the high-speed mobile network in the development of 3G network, a development model with a mobile terminal and cloud server-side are adopted. It can deliver complicated computing tasks and storage tasks at the mobile end to the cloud which has high-speed computing power and massive storage capacity. In addition, this paper proposes an information push strategy based on relations and states, which can well protect the user’s location and other private information, and provide users with flexible permission settings. It is showed feasibility and practicality of the system through operation of a prototype system.

Material Science

Element Segregation of Carbide/Matrix Interface in RPV Model Steel after Thermal Aging

JIA Xiang-nan, WANG Jun-an, CAI Lin-ling, XU Gang, WANG Xiao-jiao, LIU Wen-qing, ZHOU Bang-xin

2013, 19(1):  54-60.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.01.011

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Element segregation in thermal aged nuclear reactor pressure vessel (RPV) model steels with different amount of phosphorus was investigated by atom probe tomography (APT) analysis. After the initial heart treatment at 880 ºC-0.5 h and water quenching, the specimens were aged at 400 ºC for up to 500 h. The results show that phosphorus segregated to the carbide/matrix interface in both lower and higher phosphorus-containing specimens. A precipitate of phosphorus, silicon and carbon, with a thickness of about 20 nm, formed in the higher phosphoruscontaining specimens aged for 150 h. By extending aging time, phosphorus and silicon segregated and formed a thin layer at the boundaries of Fe₃C. Silicon segregation suppressed the growth of Fe₃C.

Hydrogen Diffusion in Q960 Clean Steel

ZHAO Rong, CHEN Ye-xin

2013, 19(1):  61-66.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.01.012

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The effects of hydrogen traps, permeation temperature and sample thickness on hydrogen diffusion coefficient in Q960 clean steel were studied using a method of electrochemical hydrogen permeation. Experimental results show that hydrogen traps can extend hydrogen penetration time, and hydrogen traps can reduce hydrogen diffusion coefficient in Q960 clean steel. The effect of reversible hydrogen traps on the hydrogen diffusion coefficient is greater than that of irreversible hydrogen traps. The apparent activation energy of hydrogen diffusion is 26 056 J/mol in Q960 clean steel. The hydrogen diffusion coefficient is independent of the sample thickness of Q960 clean steel.

Analysis of Te Inclusions in CdZnTe Crystal Growth from Solution

WANG Dong, MIN Jia-hua, LIANG Xiao-yan, SUN Xiao-xiang, LIU Wei-wei, ZHANG Ji-jun, WANG Lin-jun

2013, 19(1):  67-70.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.01.013

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Te inclusions in CdZnTe crystals grown from solution has been investigated with transmission infrared (IR) microscopy, photography of etch pits and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) transmission spectroscopy. Distribution and origination of Te inclusions in CdZnTe crystals are discussed, and the influence on the etch pit density (EPD) and IR transmittance are analyzed. The experimental results show that the density of Te inclusions increases along the growth direction, while the EPD increases. IR transmission decreases as the density of Te inclusions increases. The crystal in tail ingot has low transmittance of about 45%.

Preparation of Half-Heusler Compound Semiconductor TiCoSb Thin Film by Magnetron Sputtering

ZHANG Min, QIN Juan, SUN Niu-yi, ZHANG Xiao-li, SHI Wei-min

2013, 19(1):  71-74.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.01.014

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A special TiCoSb composite target is designed with the convenience of adjusting film composition by varying the area of each element in the target. Using this target, polycrystalline TiCoSb thin films with single phase are successfully fabricated through direct current magnetron sputtering and rapid thermal annealing. The film structure and surface morphology of TiCoSb thin films are analyzed with XRD (X-ray diffraction) and AFM (atomic force microscopy). The electrical properties of the films are studied by Hall effect measurements. The results show that the TiCoSb thin films are uniform and dense, and have good adhension to the quartz glass substrate. The TiCoSb thin film annealed at 600 ºC for 5 min has better crystalline quality than those annealed at lower temperatures, having conductivity of 13.7 S/cm at room temperature.

Mathematics.Physics and Chemistry

MD-Leaping Algorithm for Multi-delayed Biochemical Reaction Systems

ZHUANG Gang, YI Na, DA Liang, WANG Yi-fei

2013, 19(1):  75-79.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.01.015

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To simulate multi-delayed biochemical reaction systems, an MD-Leaping algorithm is proposed to efficiently analyze the process of biochemical reaction in closed systems. In contrast to the D-Leaping algorithm in which the quadruple structure is based on a single delay reaction, a new quadruple structure is built by different time-delay for the multi-delayed reactions. Several reactions can be simulated simultaneously in a time leap, leading to significant increase of the simulation speed. The proposed algorithm extends the D-Leaping method and speeds simulation of multi-delayed biochemical reaction system. Results of two specific biochemical reaction systems show effectiveness of the algorithm for multi-delayed biochemical reaction systems and the mprovement in speed compared to the multi-delay stochastic simulation algorithm (MDSSA) of multi-delayed systems.

Aerodynamic Analysis on Zimmerman and Inverse Zimmerman Wings of Miniature Air Vehicle

CHEN Zhi-yuan, WENG Pei-fen, DING Jue

2013, 19(1):  80-85.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.01.016

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Based on the areodynamic design of fixed wings for miniature air vehicle (MAV), the flow fields of Zimmerman and inverse Zimmerman wings with different long-short axis ratios (LSARs) are investigated numerically under low Reynolds numbers. The uncompressible viscous flow is solved by the eudocompressibility formulation. A third-order upwind scheme was used to discretize the convective terms based on Roe's approximate Riemann solver. The Baldwin-Barth one-equation turbulence model is used. Numerical results for Zimmerman and inverse Zimmerman wings agree well with the experimental data, showing correctness of the numerical methods. In this paper, the effect of different long-short axis ratios on areodynamic characteristics of two wing layouts is analyzed. The result shows that inverse Zimmerman has better lift coefficient than Zimmerman’s for the same LSAR, and the L/D coefficient is increased as the LSAR is decreased.

Volume Product Inequalities for Orlicz Centroid Bodies

XIONG Ge, WEI Zheng-li

2013, 19(1):  86-89.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.01.017

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By using shadow systems and parallel chord movements, the inequalities relating the volume of the polar of Orlicz centroid body and the volume of convex body in the plane are proved.

Synthesis and Photoluminescence Properties of Two Organic Europium (Ⅲ) and Terbium (Ⅲ) Complexes

AN Bao-li, HUANG Xiao-di, MA Li-hua, XU Jia-qiang

2013, 19(1):  90-94.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.01.018

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A new tridentate organic ligand, 4-(4-carbazol-9-yl-butoxy)-pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid (H₂CBODPA), has been designed and synthesized.  The orresponding europium and terbium complexes, Na₃Eu(CBODPA)₃ and Na₃Tb(CBODPA)₃, have also been synthesized. The effective excitation wavelengths of the two complexes shifted significantly to longer wavelengths by configuration of the organic ligand’s structure, the effective excitation wavelengths shifted about 70 nm to longer wavelengths compared with those of the europium and terbium complexes with pyridine-2,6-dicarboxy acid as a ligand. Characteristic red emissions of europium ions and green emissions of terbium ions were obtained from dilute Na₃Eu(CBODPA)₃and Na₃Tb CBODPA)₃ solutions under near ultraviolet radiations at around 350 nm. The results may provide a theoretical basis to the design and synthesis of organic rare earth luminescent bioprobes with longer excitation wavelengths.

Environmental and Chemical Engineering

Preparation and Properties of Orthorhombic SnO₂ Thin Films

CHEN Chen, WANG Li-jun, CHEN Zhi-wen, JIAO Zheng, WU Ming-hong

2013, 19(1):  95-99.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.01.019

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Orthorhombic phase SnO₂ is a material with unknown optical, electrical, and gas sensing properties. It was found previously only at high pressures and temperatures. Using pulsed laser deposition (PLD), this paper reports a kind of experimental realization of a pure orthorhombic SnO₂ thin film under low pressure and temperature that are much lower than those of traditional methods. The optical properties of an orthorhombic SnO₂ thin film were measured by spectrophotometric transmittance. An oxygen exchange reaction mechanism at the grain interfaces is proposed to explain the formation and optical properties of this orthorhombic phase.

Civil Engineering

Field Test of Vacuum Preloading Applied to Large Area of a Project in Shanghai

WU Ya-jun, LIU Xiang-ming

2013, 19(1):  100-105.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.01.020

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The vacuum preloading drainage consolidation method is used in Shanghai a project. In the project, field tests are conducted in areas No.28 and No.30. The variation rule of surface settlement, horizontal displacement, groundwater level, pore-water pressure, and especially the relationship between vacuum and pore-water pressure are studied by means of field monitoring in the process of vacuum preloading. Two rows of mixing piles including 5% of cement are used as a sealing wall in the project, which play an important role in seepage control. Compared with traditional mixing piles, the two rows of mixing piles can avoid the disadvantage of low foundation strength at the location. It is shown that the vacuum preloading method has achieved good results in Shanghai, and the method is worth popularization.

Mechanical Behavior of Fly Ash and Its Elastoplastic Modeling

XU Zhi-liang, SUN De-an, ZHANG Jin-yi

2013, 19(1):  106-110.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.01.021

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Being different from clay, fly ash is a kind of granular material. The stress ratio-strain relation of fly ash is related to both mean stress and void ratio. A number of consolidated-drained triaxial tests were carried out on a fly ash with different initial void ratios under different confining pressures. Relevant stress-strain relations have been obtained. Simple modifications have been made to the elastoplastic model proposed by Yao, et al., which considers the mean stress and initial void ratio. The mechanical behavior of fly ash specimens with different initial void ratios from drained triaxial tests are consistently predicted by the modified model. The application of the state parameter and hardening/softening parameters in the critical state model can predict dilatancy, hardening and
softening characteristics of the fly ash.