锂离子电池三维多孔硅/银复合材料负极设计及性能

doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2061

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以商品单质硅为原料, 利用金属辅助化学刻蚀方法结合化学镀方法制备了三维多孔硅/银复合负极材料, 采用X射线粉末衍射仪、场发射扫描电镜及比表面与孔隙度分析仪对其组成、结构、比表面积及孔隙率进行研究, 随后对其电化学性能进行研究. 结果表明, 三维多孔硅呈现狭缝型的介孔, 平均孔径宽度为 12.5 nm, 比表面积达到 6.083 m$^{2}$/g. 三维多孔硅/银复合材料在 420 mA/g 条件下恒流充放电, 首循环放电比容量 2 822 mA$\cdot$h/g, 首循环库仑效率 87.8%, 经过 50 个循环后容量仍保持有 832 mA$\cdot$h/g. 研究表明: 三维多孔结构和银包覆层可以缓解嵌锂/脱锂时硅巨大的体积效应; 银包覆层可以改善硅基负极材料的电化学性能.

关键词: 金属辅助化学刻蚀, 化学镀, 三维多孔硅/银复合材料, 锂离子电池

Abstract:

Silver-coated three-dimensional porous silicon (3D-porous-Si/Ag) composites were fabricated as anode materials for a lithium-ion battery via a metal-assisted chemical etching (MACE) method and an electroless plating method. Commercial silicon powders were used as substrate material. The composition, microstructure, and specific surface area of 3D-porous-Si and 3D-porous-Si/Ag were analysed via X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and surface area and porosity analyses. The electrochemical performance of the 3D-porous-Si/Ag composite was investigated. The results indicate that the aperture size and specific surface area of 3D-porous-Si were 12.5 nm and 6.083 m$^2$/g, respectively. These pores can be attributed to the narrow slit mesopores. The charge-discharge plot under a constant current of 420 mA/g indicates an initial discharge capacity of 2 822 mA$\cdot$h/g for the 3D-porous-Si/Ag electrode. The Coulombic efficiency reached 87.8% after the first cycle, and the capacity of the 3D-porous-Si/Ag electrode reached 832 mA$\cdot$h/g after 50 cycles. This is mainly because the 3D-porous microstructure and silver coating effectively restrain the volume expansion of silicon caused by the insertion of lithium ions. Moreover, the silver coating improves the electrical performance of the Si material.

Key words: metal-assisted chemical etching, electroless plating, silver-coated three-dimensional porous silicon composites, lithium-ion battery

中图分类号:

TM912

朱德伦, 彭雨晴, 白瑞成, 李爱军, 赵添婷, 孙宁霞. 锂离子电池三维多孔硅/银复合材料负极设计及性能[J]. 上海大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 27(1): 144-153.

ZHU Delun, PENG Yuqing, BAI Ruicheng, LI Aijun, ZHAO Tianting, SUN Ningxia. Design and fabrication of silver-coated three-dimensional porous silicon composite anode with high performance for lithium ion battery[J]. Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）, 2021, 27(1): 144-153.

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