Table of Content

30 August 2011, Volume 17 Issue 4

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Speical Paper

Theoretical Analysis of Hot Metal Dephosphorization Pretreatment in Converter

XU Kuang-di1, XIAO Li-jun2

2011, 17(4):  331-336.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2011.04.001

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Based on thermodynamic and dynamic calculation of hot metal dephosphorization in a converter, and the analysis of production data of a 300 t dephosphorization converter of Shougang Jingtang Steel Corporation, this paper studies the selective oxidation characteristics of Fe, Si, Mn, C, and P in a hot metal, and the main factors affecting dephosphorization. The phosphorus distribution between hot metal and slag are also discussed. The results show that Si and Mn are oxidized first during oxygen blowing when the oxygen potential increased, and oxidation of P and C occurs. To decrease the hot metal pretreatment temperature to about 1 300~1 350 ℃ and control the slag basicity to about 1.7~2.5 are the key to solving the problem of removing P at high carbon content. Improving the slagging process in a dephosphorization converter combined with high bottom gas stirring intensity can improve the dephosphorization rate.

Communication and Information

Survey of Microwave and Wireless Communications Research at Shanghai University

XU De-ming, ZHONG Shun-shi, CHEN Hui-min, FANG Yong, YANG Xue-xia, ZHENG Guo-xin, WU Zhuo, JIN Yan-liang

2011, 17(4):  337-352.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2011.04.002

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Shanghai University has two doctoral programs in microwave and wireless communications: Electromagnetic Fields and Microwave Technology, and Communication and Information Systems. Since 1972 when the former Shanghai University of Science and Technology started an undergraduate program of wireless communications, supported by many national and municipal programs such as 863 and national nature science foundation of China, a wide range of research projects have been carried out in such areas as dual-polarization multi-band arrays, miniaturization of microstrip antenna, ultra-wide band (UWB) microstrip antenna, microwave power transmission, communication signal processing, microwave communications, communications in confined space, and updated types of wireless communications. Many accomplishments are ranked among the top of the country and have attracted much attention from the international academic community. This article presents the development of the discipline and major research achievements.

Development and Key Technology of 3DTV System

HANG Zhao-yang, SHEN Li-quan, ZHANG Qiu-wen, AN Ping

2011, 17(4):  353-359.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2011.04.003

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This paper introduces three types of 3DTV systems including twoview 3DTV, multi-view and 2D-3D systems. Based on the description of key components, the merits and drawbacks of each system are analyzed. A new method, i.e., view-plus-depth, to represent 3D scenes, which can effectively reduce 3DTV data for transmission is described. Finally, the procedure of 3DTV development is presented and the prospect of homeoriented 3DTV application is given.

Specialty Optical Fibers and Their Components

WANG Ting-yun,PANG Fu-fei,ZENG Xiang-long,CHEN Zhen-yi,CHEN Na

2011, 17(4):  360-367.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2011.04.004

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Specialty optical fibers and components have wide applications in the fields of optical fiber communications and sensors. Recently, in the Key Laboratory of Specialty Fiber Optics and Optical Access Networks, Shanghai University, various novel specialty optical fibers by combining nanotechnology and optical fiber technology have been studied and proposed, for example, nanosemiconductor doped fiber, irradiation resistant fiber, cladding mode resonant fiber and semiconductor quantum dot fiber amplifier, etc. The applications of wideband fiber amplifier and specialty fiber sensors have also been investigated

Research Progress in MillimeterWave Radio on Fiber Systems

LIN Ru-jian,CHEN Xiang,ZHANG Lin,SONG Ying-xiong,YE Jia-jun,Li Ying-chun

2011, 17(4):  368-378.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2011.04.005

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Recent progresses in the research of millimeterwave radio on fiber (RoF) systems are reported. Based on the concept of optical frequency multiplication (OFM), the theory and techniques of photonic generation of millimeterwave have been developed. These include generation of highorder optical sidemodes using eletrooptic modulators, selfheterodyne radio frequency (RF) production in photodetectors, and design of bidirectional millimeterwave RoF systems. Intermediate frequency orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is used to modulate the millimeterwave carrier. A comprehensive mathematic model has been set up to analyze nonlinear distortion in OFDM signals induced by optical modulator. Several experimental RoF systems operating at 40 GHz have been implemented, achieving a transmission rate of 100 Mbit/s.

Mechatronics Engineering and Automation

Perfect Mastery of Key Technology Promotes Fast Development of High End Grinding Machines—Thoughts on National Science and Technology Major

FANG Ming-lun1,SHEN Nan-yan1,LI Jing1,WU Xiao-jian2,HE Yong-yi1

2011, 17(4):  379-390.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.10072861.2011.04.006

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The rapid developments of aeronautic and aerospace, shipping, automobile and power generating equipment manufacturing create urgent requirements of China’s research and development capability in advanced grinding machines. Among the statefunded major projects for producing highend digitalcontrolled machine tools and key manufacturing equipment, two tasks have been undertaken by Shanghai University. One is to develop a whole set of highprecision grinding machines for ball screw and nut, and the other is a largescale computer numerical control (CNC) tangential point tracing grinding machine for the crankshaft used in marine diesel engine. Both the strong support of common techniques and the perfect mastery of key techniques make the advanced grinding machines developed rapidly. Based on practice, some of thoughts on the technical strategy for attacking major difficulties are provided and suggestions on the development of advanced grinding machines in order to promote academic exchanges are presented.

Interconnection Technology for HighDensity Chip Packaging

ZHANG Jian-hua1,2，ZHANG Jin-song1,2，HUA Zi-kai1,2

2011, 17(4):  391-400.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2011.04.007

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The trend of electronic packaging is towards highdensity to meet market requirements on electronic products with high performance, high reliability, low cost and miniaturization. Multidiscipline interaction is a notable feature in highdensity packaging, which motivates the research in the lab in the past 10 years. The work of the lab is largely related to the interconnection technologies, i.e., flip chip (FC), bumping, anistropically conductive adhesive film (ACF) and nonconductive adhesive film (NCF), and reliability. The results have been widely applied in the electronic packaging industry. Development trends of high density packaging are also discussed.

Computer Engineering and Science

Draw near Optical Computer

JIN Yi

2011, 17(4):  401-411.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2011.04.008

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The current research on optical computers is focused on three aspects: execution speed, twodimensional parallel processing, and system performance. Hot topics and difficult problems in these aspects are introduced. By comparison, it is concluded that the ternary optical computer (TOC) which seeks overall system performance is the most feasible. Advantages of ternary optical computers include availability of a large number of data bits, lower energy consumption, and easy reconfiguration and expansibility of the optical processor. Based on these advantages, new ideas and algorithms for solving highly complicated problems can be created. An experimental kilobit ternary optical computer is now under construction at the School of Computer Engineering and Science, Shanghai University, to be used for applications research. Related to the new machine, the advantages, possible applications, userviewable architectures, online operation, program operation, and hardware expansion of optical computers are discussed.

A Survey on Augmented Reality and Its Application

CHEN Yi-min1,LI Qi-ming1,MA De-yi1,XU Yong-shun2,LU Tao3,CHEN Ming1,YAO Zheng-wei1

2011, 17(4):  412-428.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2011.04.009

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Augmented reality (AR) emerges as a new technology to seamlessly integrate information from both the real world and the virtual. This paper presents the concept of AR and its development. A typical AR system with software and hardware architecture is presented based on the current research achievements. Key techniques and related theories of AR are analyzed in detail. Applications of AR in various areas and two of main efforts in AR system development are summarized. Challenging issues in AR applications are analyzed, and the development trend is discussed.

Speical Paper

Two Algorithms for Pole Assignment of Single-Input Linear Systems

JIANG Er-xiong

2011, 17(4):  429-437.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2011.04.010

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Two algorithms for the pole assignment of single-input linear systems are presented. The algorithm reduces an unknown y to a solution of a system of linear algebraic equations. Each row of the coefficient matrix G is a solution of a linear algebraic equation system with a triangle coefficient matrix. In the first algorithm, G is the eigenvector matrix of H^ which is orthogonal similar to state feedback matrix (A+BF). Low cost as compared with many existing algorithms are required.

Mathematics.Physics and Chemistry

Fabrication and Applications of Carbon Nanomaterials

ZHAO Xin-luo1,2,YU Li-ming1,2,SHENG Lei-mei1,2,AN Kang1,2

2011, 17(4):  438-446.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2011.04.011

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Carbon nanomaterials with lowdimensional nanostructure possess superior properties and promising applications. This paper provides a brief review of recent progress of carbon nanomaterials research in Institute of LowDimensional Carbons and Device Physics, Shanghai University. We are successful in massproduction and applications of highpurity and highcrystallinity singlewalled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and doublewalled CNTs (DWCNTs) by hydrogen arc discharge. Highquality multiwalled CNTs (MWCNTs) with onedimensional quantum confinement effect, and the controlled growth of carbon nanowires have been prepared successfully. Electrochemical characteristics of graphene evaluated in cointype cells versus metallic lithium, and the Raman spectra of individual MWCNT or carbon nanowire have been studied. The future trend of carbon nanomaterial development is discussed.

Progress in Synthesis and Applications of Nanomaterials

YAN Ting-ting,ZHANG Deng-song,SHI Li-yi

2011, 17(4):  447-457.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2011.04.012

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Nanomaterials exhibit special optical, magnetic, acoustic, electric, catalytic properties as compared with the traditional bulk materials. It is still a challenge to achieve controllable synthesis and largescale applications of nanomaterials with various structures. This review introduces the controllable synthesis and applications of nanomaterials. The latest work on nanomaterials of Shanghai Univeristy are highlighted, which around crystal phase controlled, template assisted and physical field induced synthesis strategies, and applications in environmental catalysis, energy and optics. In addition, this review points out that research on nanomaterials is insufficient, and suggests some directions of further development.

Design and Synthesis of Fluorine-Containing Building Blocks and Application to Synthesis of Fluorinated Heterocycles

JIANG Hai-zhen1,SONG Li-ping1,2,LUO Hui-hua1,YI Hai1,ZHU Shi-zheng2,HAO Jian1,2

2011, 17(4):  458-470.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2011.04.013

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Fluorinated heterocycles have attracted substantial research attention in the fields of medicine, pesticide and special-function materials, which have special properties caused by fluorine atoms. This review highlights the recent development on the synthesis of novel fluorine-containing building blocks, such as fluorine-containing keto esters and fluorine-containing imidoyl halides, and on their applications to the preparation of fluorinated heterocycles.

Advances in Parametric Instability of Axially Moving Beams

DING Hu1,CHEN Li-qun1,2

2011, 17(4):  471-479.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2011.04.014

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This paper summarizes the advances in parametric excitation linear vibration of axially moving beams. Different models of axially moving beams in parametric instability investigations are reviewed. Based on viscoelastic constitutive relations, approximate analytical approaches, direct numerical methods, and studies of instability boundary due to parametric resonance of axially moving beams are surveyed. Problems that require further investigation are discussed.

Material Science

Research and Development of Advanced Automobile Sheet Steel

LI Lin,HE Yan-lin,ZHANG Mei,FU Ren-yu,SHI Wen

2011, 17(4):  480-486.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2011.04.015

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The undesirable features in the composition design of traditional transformation induced plasticity （TRIP） steel are described, and composition of the new type TRIP steel is presented based on segregation thermodynamics and kinetics. The lowest cooling rate of steel after intercritical annealing is obtained with diffusion kinetics estimation. Overaging temperature is calculated from both equilibrium and paraequilibrium conditions. Carbon enrichment in Bainite is simulated, and the necessary time obtained based on the Hillert approximation. The calculated parameters are verified by comparison of calculation and experiment results. Conditions for hot dip galvanizing are discussed, and a series of welding tests carried out. The new steel is therefore massproduced in a large steel enterprise. Effects of elements on stacking fault energy (SFE) of austenite in twin induced plasticity (TWIP) steel are calculated. SFE in TWIP steels with different composition is estimated with the thermodynamic parameters proposed by Dumay. To obtain hexagonal close packed (HCP) martensite, composition of TWIP steel is also designed with special care in SFE. Functions of martensite obtained through different treatments on the mechanical properties are discussed, among which the best exhibits very good combination of strength and ductility, i.e., tensile strength over 1 GPa and elongation rate similar to 60%. This well meets the requirement of the 3rdgeneration automobile steel.

Environmental Hydrogen Embrittlement of Intermetallics

CHEN Ye-xin

2011, 17(4):  487-502.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2011.04.016

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The research of two kinds of environmental hydrogen embrittlements in intermetallic at room temperature is summarized in this paper. Environmental embrittlement of intermetallic involves two main processes: generation of atomic hydrogen and diffusion of hydrogen in the alloy. The experimental results have verified that the ways of hydrogen atom generation are surface reaction of active elements with water vapor in air and catalysis reaction of molecular H₂ induced by transition metal atoms in gaseous hydrogen. The efficient method of suppressing environmental embrittlement of intermetallic is alloying. The moistureinduced environmental embrittlement can be suppressed completely by borondoping in Ni3Al alloy. The basic mechanism of the suppression effect of boron is related to severe reduction of hydrogen diffusivity along the grain boundaries. Effective suppression of the moistureinduced environmental embrittlement by Fedoping in Co₃Ti alloy is related to the reduction of the surface reaction kinetic of Co₃Ti alloy with water vapor. The H₂induced embrittlement can be suppressed completely by boron addition in the ordered Ni₃Fe alloy. The suppression mechanism is that boron atom segregates to the grain boundary, reducing the grain size and increasing the mechanical properties of the alloy. Boron in the ordered Ni₃Fe alloy clearly increases cohesion of grain boundary and decreases the diffusion coefficient of hydrogen along grain boundary.

Research Progress in Bulk Amorphous Alloys

XU Hui1,2,TAN Xiao-hua1,2,XIA Lei1,2,WANG Qing1,2,BAI Qin1,2,XIAO Xue-shan1,2,DONG Yuan-da1,2

2011, 17(4):  503-513.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2011.04.017

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Bulk amorphous alloys have attracted increasing research interest because of their importance in science and engineering. The history of development, the glassforming criteria for obtaining new alloy systems, the primary specialties, and microstructure and applications of the bulk amorphous have been summarized. Future development of the bulk amorphous alloys is proposed.

Research on Solidification and Melting Characteristics of Micro and Nano sized Droplets

GAO Yu-lai,ZHAI Qi-jie,XU Kuang-di

2011, 17(4):  514-521.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2011.04.018

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Solidification and melting of metallic materials are crucial phase transformation in the metal forming process. When metallic materials in bulk volume are dispersed into infinitesimal droplets in microsize or even nanosize, significant changes in the solidification and melting processes can occur due to the size reduction of the materials. Obviously, these changes will dramatically influence the structure and service performances of the metallic materials. In this process, fundamental research on the scientific issues and the preparation techniques and characteristic methods for metallic droplets are involved. This article summarizes the research activities and accomplishments of the group in solidification and melting characteristics of infinitesimal droplets. Besides, the future development of research in this field is prospected.

Grain Boundary Engineering Issues in Key Structural Materials Used for Nuclear Power Plants

XIA Shuang1,LI Hui2,ZHOU Bang-xin1,CHEN Wen-jue1,YAO Mei-yi1,LI Qiang2, LIU Wen-qing2,WANG Jun-an1,CHU Yu-liang2,PENG Jian-chao2,ZHANG Jin-long1

2011, 17(4):  522-528.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2011.04.019

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Grain boundary engineering （GBE） issues of Alloy 690 are briefly summarized. The work was carried out by the research group “Fundamental Issues of the Key Structural Materials for Nuclear Power Plants” at Shanghai University. By using advanced material characterization techniques, the microstructures were characterized to establish its relationship with the properties. This article presents the research findings in grain boundary segregation, carbide precipitation, grain boundary network control and its effect on the intergranular corrosion resistance.

Reforming Mechanism of Coke Oven Gas in Oxygen Permeable Membrane Reactor

DING Wei-zhong,SHEN Pei-jun,YANG Zhi-bin,GUO Shu-qiang,ZHANG Yu-wen,WANG Xue-guang,WU Cheng-zhang,LU Xiong-gang

2011, 17(4):  529-534.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2011.04.020

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By studying the partial oxidation of cokeovengas (COG) and CH₄ in oxygenpermeable membrane reactor through designing experiments and test of oxygen permeation, a “reformingpermeation” model in a membrane reactor is proposed. A membrane reactor is composed of an oxygenpermeable membrane and a catalyst bed. The catalyst bed mainly realizes the pyrolysis of CH₄ and catalytic reforming, and metal particles on the membrane surface accomplishes the “adsorption—spillover—oxidation” processes of the reducing compositions in the gas to promote conduction of oxygen ion in mixed conductors.

Impedance Spectroscopy Study of High Temperature BiFeO₃-PbTiO₃ Based Ceramics

CHENG Jin-rong,SHI Gui-yang,QI Yu-fa,CHEN Jian-guo,YU Sheng-wen

2011, 17(4):  535-540.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2011.04.021

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Impedance spectroscopy has been used to investigate the conduction mechanism in the high temperature ceramics 0.63(Bi_0.94La_0.06)(Ga_0.05Fe_0.95)O₃-0.37PbTiO₃(BLGF-PT). The analysis of impedance and modulus spectroscopy has revealed that the region of grains is the most resistive component in the sample. Also, the electrical properties of BLGFPT ceramics are demonstrated, which can be represented using a parallel combination of a resistor and a universal capacitor. Resistivity of grains extracted from complex impedance plots decrease with the increase of temperature, and the calculated activation energy Ea is 0.88 eV.

Environmental and Chemical Engineering

Progress in Bio-safety Research of the Man Made Nanomaterials

LIU Yuan-fang1,2,WANG Yan-li1,CHEN Xin-xin1

2011, 17(4):  541-548.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2011.04.022

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Nanomaterials have unique physical and chemical properties such as small size effect, large surface area, high reactivity, and quantum effects. These features make the nanoscience as one of the three pillars of the world science (life science, information science, nanoscience). With the industrialization of nanotechnology, various forms of nanoscale materials have came into human life in different ways, and biosafety of nanomaterials are increasingly attracting attention of scientists around the world. This article emphasizes the importance of biosafety of nanomaterials, systemically discusses the research accomplishments in biosafety of metal oxides and carbon nanomaterials, and provides the prospects of this field.

Radiolytic Degradation of Persistent Organic Pollutants by Electron Beam Irradiation

WU Ming-hong,XU Gang,LIU Ning,MA Jing,WANG Jin-hua,TANG Liang,WANG Liang

2011, 17(4):  549-554.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2011.04.023

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This article introduces degradation characteristics and mechanisms of electron beam irradiation in the treatment of organic pollutants. These include phthalate esters and steroid estrogens, antibiotics drugs and its intermediate such as choramphenicols and Dphenylglycin, and clopyralid in pesticides and halobenzenes. The results indicate that electron beam irradiation is an effective method to degrade these kinds of persistent organic pollutants. Hydroxyl radicals and hydrated electrons have great importance in the process of radiolytic degradation. Hydroxyl radicals attack aromatic ring of these organic pollutants leading to the fracture of benzene ring, and form a series of micromolecular byproducts, while hydrated electrons can effectively remove halogen of organic pollutants. Organic pollutants are then completely mineralized when absorbed dose is high enough.

Progress in Lithium Ion Battery Energy Materials

SU Hang1,2,TAO Cheng2,MIAO Wen-quan3,CHENG Ling-li1,WANG Yong1,JIAO Zheng1

2011, 17(4):  555-561.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2011.04.024

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Energy materials are the materials used in development, transportation, storage and utilization of energy. Rechargeable lithium ion batteries materials are the best developed and applied energy materials. The performance of a battery greatly depends on the choice and optimization of electrode materials. This article reviews the research advances in new electrode materials for lithium ion batteries at the School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University. These include tin oxides nano-particles, tin oxides/carbon nanocomposites, nano carbon materials, carbon coated LiFePO₄ cathode materials, CoO/carbon nanocomposites, and NiO/graphene nanocomposites. The development trend of these materials is summarized.

Progress in Research of Single Particle Aerosol Mass Spectrometer

HUANG Zheng-xu1,LI Mei1,LI Lei1,GAO Wei1,NIAN Hui-qing2,FU Zhong2,DONG Jun-guo1,ZHOU Zhen1

2011, 17(4):  562-566.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2011.04.025

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Atmospheric aerosol has become a key issue in environmental research due to its impact on climate and public health. In atmospheric aerosol research, single particle analysis has high temporal and spatial resolution, and is a leadingedge approach. It can provide far more information beyond the capacity of bulk particle analysis. Aerosol particles in Heshan City, Guangdong, are characterized online using a selfmade single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (SPAMS). Correlation, number concentration and possible sources of the particles that contain metallic substances are analyzed. Commercialization prospect of SPAMS is briefly discussed.

Life Science

Electrochemical Study of Protein Enzymes

LI Gen-xi

2011, 17(4):  567-572.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2011.04.026

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Electrochemistry has become increasingly important in the study of life sciences. With the development of protein film voltammetry (PFV) and advances in surface modification, nanotechnology, molecular recognition and molecular marker, electrochemistry has overcome some drawbacks in protein enzyme studies. This article summarizes some typical work of the group, and reviews the progress in the electrochemical study of protein enzymes.

VoltageGated Sodium Channels: A Root Note Dancing in Music of Life

LIU Zhi-rui,HE Hui-qiong,JI Yong-hua

2011, 17(4):  573-580.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2011.04.027

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Action potential is a form of electric signaling responsible for conducting neural firing in organisms. Voltagegated sodium channels (VGSCs) are key molecules contributing to the initiation of action potential, playing an indispensable role in electric excitation and firing neurons. Briefly, the overall excitory activities and signalling input/output process of synaptic transmission in neurons mostly depends on VGSCs. Meanwhile, VGSCs are targets of numerous natural neurotoxns or synthesize compounds. By blocking or modulating the ion permeable selectivity and shifting the structurefunction balance of channel gating, clinical pathology or relief from severe syndromes result. This article gives a general overview of endogenous regulation and exogenous modulation of VGSCs, which may highlight the physiological/pathological status and targetted phamacolgical/toxicological values of VGSCs.