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    30 December 2017, Volume 23 Issue 6
    Interpretation of Role of biomarkers for the prevention, assessment, and management of heart failure
    XU Dongxu, ZHANG Haifeng, LI Xinli
    2017, 23(6):  821.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1970
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    Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome with high mobidity and mortality. Clinical analyses of biomarkers with dynamic variation during the pathological processes in HF can provide information about disease severity and improve the treatment strategies. 2017 American Heart Association (AHA) scientific statement Role of Biomarkers for the Prevention, Assessment, and Management of Heart Failure summarize the existing available biomarkers in diagnosis and treatment of HF, which is helpful for the clinical practice in the future.

    Mechanism of exercise training in protection against cardiac aging
    TAO Lichan, JIA Fang
    2017, 23(6):  828.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1968
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    To investigate cardio protective effects of exercise training in advanced cardiac aging. Mice were subjected to intraperitoneal injection of D-galactose (D-gal) to induce ageing, and trained using a 4-month running protocol. Heart index, mitochondrial biogenesis, energy metabolism and DNA damage were determined by real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). This work shows that exercise training protected heart index, increased mitochondrial DNA replication and transcription, activated the PGC-1α signal, and decreased the DNA damage in ageing heart. In conclusion, exercise training protects against ageing-induced cardiac dysfunction through enhancing energy metabolism, improving mitochondrial biogenesis and reducing DNA damage.

    Improvement of myocardial layer injection in mice
    WANG Hui, ZHAO Rong, ZHOU Xuezhong
    2017, 23(6):  835.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1969
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    An improved myocardial layer injection acts as an effectual mode of administration was established. Used improved syringe, Evans Blue and green fluorescent protein(GFP) labeled lentivirus were injected in to mouse myocardial layer. Evans Blue and lentivirus were found to be stored in mouse myocardial layer, and GFP could stably express in the whole heart for a long time. In conclusion, an improved myocardial layer injection may be used to cardiovascular disease (CVD) research and gene therapy research because of the good uniformity and high success rate.

    Preparation and ablation properties of C/C-SiC composites
    ZUO Yazhuo, LI Hong, GENG Zhenzhen, WANG Shaolei, YANG Min, REN Musu, SUN Jinliang
    2017, 23(6):  841.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1905
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    C/C-SiC composites were prepared by adding SiC powder to the carbon felt performed before chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) and precursor infiltration pyrolysis (PIP) using slurry spraying. The micro structure of composites was studied with XRD and SEM. Ablation performance of the composites was investigated using H2-O2 flame ablation equipment. The results show that C/C-SiC composites had better anti-ablative performances compared with C/C composite after ablation for 500 s when SiC content of C/C-SiC composite is 9%. Linear and mass ablation rates of (C-SiC)f/C composites decreased by 63% and 76% respectively. At the ablation center zone, ablation of composites is most serious. The ablation mechanism is dominated by sublimation and mechanic aerosion, accompanied
    by oxidation. In the ablation transitional zone, molten SiO2 could heal cracks and holes and other defects, and effectively prevent oxidizing atmosphere into the materials, making the materials exhibit excellent ablation. The main ablation mechanism was thermo-oxidation and H2-O2 flow shear erosion. In the ablation marginal zone, composites were ablated slightly. The main ablation mechanism was thermo-oxidation ablation.

    Effect of drawing ratio on structure and property of expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE)
    TU Yonghui1, YU Ruobing1, YANG Xue2, JIAO Zheng3
    2017, 23(6):  851.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1802
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    Expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) can be obtained from polytetrafluoroethylene(PTFE) by drawing. Effect of the drawing ratio on the structure and properties of ePTFE was investigated. The following results were obtained. 1) With the increase of drawing ratio, the amount of tuft-like crystals was small, fibers increased and cavities rose in ePTFE. 2) When the drawing ratio was 10, the Poisson’s ratio was −1.57. As the drawing ratio increased, the Poisson’s ratio gradually depressed. 3) In anon-thermal crystallization process, as increasing drawing ratio, enthalpy of ePTFE decreased and semi-crystallization time became longer.

    High sensitivity refractive index sensor based on tilted fiber Bragg gratings
    SHI Lei, LIU Yunqi, SONG Hongliang, ZOU Fang, WANG Tingyun
    2017, 23(6):  859.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1763
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    We demonstrate fabrication of tilted fiber Bragg gratings (TFBGs) with different tilt angles for the measurement of surrounding refractive index (SRI). High order
    cladding modes has been found to disappear gradually, with their resonance wavelength linearly increasing as SRI increases. The measured index sensitivity is higher than 500 nm/RIU. By optimizing the tilt angle of the grating, the proposed optical fiber sensor can be used for SRI measurements in different index range.

    Detection and orientation for Inmarsat satellite uplink signal based on pseudo-noise resampling
    WANG Jiadong1,2,3, WANG Xiaojiang1,2,3, NIU Liying1,2,3, ZHENG Guoxin1,2,3
    2017, 23(6):  865.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1752
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    Pseudo-noise resampling (PR) is applied to uniform circular array (UCA) to find the direction of arrival (DOA) of Inmarsat satellite uplink signal based on ROOTMUSIC. To improve the DOA resolution at low SNR, a new estimation algorithm is proposed based on means and standard deviations of pre-estimate. Meanwhile, performance computations are carried out under different pre-estimation conditions due to different statistical data. Simulations show that the proposed scheme can significantly improve the DOA resolution at low signal noise ratio (SNR) compared with the conventional ROOTMUSIC algorithm.

    Classification of individual objects in focused group based on convolutional neural network
    LIU Huibin, CHEN Qiang, WU Fei, ZHAO Yi
    2017, 23(6):  874.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1912
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    As an important branch of deep learning, convolutional neural network has been widely used in image recognition, and image classification. The convolutional architecture for fast feature embedding (Caffe) is the most popular tool in deep learning. A method of classification of individual objects in a focused group is proposed based on convolutional neural network independent of the face image set. It captures video with a camera, and obtains training images using a method of normalized cross-correlation histogram. Caffe is used to generate a training model that can realize the classification of individual objects in a focused group of people. Experimental results show that, by using a pre-training model, individual objects can be matched accurately.

    Control of quadruped robot with trot gait
    LEI Jingtao, JIA Guanghui
    2017, 23(6):  882.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1800
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    It is difficult to achieve movement control stable walking of a quadruped robot based on the dynamics model, when the robot walks in an unstructured environment. In this paper, central pattern generators (CPGs) are used to control the quadruped robot with a trot gait. Simulation and experiment are performed. The foot trajectory of quadruped robot is planned with a sinusoidal function. The D-H coordinate method is used to analyze kinematics of the quadruped robot’s leg in the swing phase and the supporting phase. Joint angular displacement is obtained with inverse kinematics according to the planned foot trajectory. A CPG controller is designed, and an oscillation element model established with excited neurons and inhibiting neuronal components. The output is used to control
    movement of the hip joint and knee joint of the quadruped robot. Simulation and experiment of the quadruped robot walking with a trot gait are performed to verify correctness of the theoretical analysis and the control method. The study lays a foundation for improving mobility of quadruped robots.

    Feature fusion for front vehicle detection and implementation
    LIU Dongjun, XU Meihua, GONG Luming, XIA Chenjun
    2017, 23(6):  893.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1767
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    To achieve robust and real-time detection of front vehicles, an algorithm is proposed based on morphological features and HAAR-like features of vehicles. To avoid interference of external environmental factors in the extraction of shadows underneath the vehicle, the monkey king genetic algorithm (MKGA) threshold segmentation is used. Regions of interest are obtained using morphological characteristics in the initial screening. HAAR-like features of these regions are extracted, and the dimension is reduced. In the secondary screening, an auto classifier trained by support vector machine (SVM) is input. A total of 300 frames are randomly selected to verify the algorithm. Experimental results show that the algorithm can detect vehicles in a complicated environment. Compared to single feature detection, accuracy is raised from 80% to 90%. The HAAR-like integral diagram and PCA for dimension reduction can effectively improve detection speed. The algorithm meets the driving assistance system requirements both in accuracy and speed.

    Modified electrode based on nonenzymatic glucose sensor and its electrochemical property
    CUI Yinglei1, QIAN Feng2, ZHANG Zhang1
    2017, 23(6):  905.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1770
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    The content of glucose detection has important significance in many fields and sensor technology has been applied in our daily life. Therefore glucose sensor becomes a hot topic in the study of biological sensors. In this article, four transition metal oxides of nanomaterial modified carbon paste electrodes were applied to detect glucose. The electrolyte concentration and the influence of NiO content in the modified materials were also studied. High electric potential was used in processing the electrode to prove electrochemical performance of non-enzyme glucose sensor. This study lays a foundation for applications of non-enzyme electrochemical glucose sensors.

    Algorithm of exponential-type exact penalty function for nonlinear inequality constrained optimization
    YANG Lian, YAO Yirong
    2017, 23(6):  911.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1769
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    To deal with nonlinear inequality constrained optimization problems, we construct a new exponential-type penalty function by adding a variable, and prove smoothness and accuracy of the penalty function. In addition, an exact penalty function algorithm is proposed to solve nonlinear inequality constrained optimization problems. Numerical results are reported to show effectiveness of the algorithm.

    Dynamics of HIV spreading in network of immune system in vivo
    HUANG Ying, LOU Jie
    2017, 23(6):  920.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1808
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    Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) can effectively inhibit replication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), body virus sanctuary seems to exist. This study
    explores whether the virus sanctuary does exist. Our findings show that, due to bloodbrain barrier, viral load in brain remains at a high steady state even antiviral therapy is followed. This suggests that brain is the sanctuary of HIV virus. In addition, we have also found that level of virus in the peripheral blood may not correctly reflect what is occurring inside the body.

    Nonlocal analysis of wrinkling in thin plate bonded on elastic substrate
    PENG Xiangwu, ZHAO Jianzhong, GUO Xingming
    2017, 23(6):  927.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1745
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    Based on the nonlocal elastic theory, the paper studies stripe wrinkle of a thin plate bonded on an elastic substrate. The classic elastic results and nonlocal results are compared based on numerical calculation. The nonlocal scale effects of lower surface condition and Poisson ratio of the elastic substrate, thickness ratio, and modulus ratio are investigated. Numerical examples show that the nonlocal effect is significant when the substrate is incompressible, thin and stiff, and can be ignored when the substrate is thick and soft.

    Analysis of one-dimensional consolidation characteristics of viscoelastic unsaturated soils under cyclic loads
    QIN Aifang, Lü Kangli
    2017, 23(6):  937.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1799
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    This paper presents a semi-analytical solution to one-dimensional consolidation in viscoelastic unsaturated soils with a finite thickness under arbitrary loads. It is based on the Fredlund’s one-dimensional consolidation theory for unsaturated soil. The excess poreair and pore-water pressures and settlement in the Laplace-transform domain were obtained by applying the Laplace transform and Cayley-Hamilton mathematical methods to the governing equations of water and air, Darcy’s law and Fick’s law. The top surface of soil is permeable to water and air, and the bottom impermeable to water and air. On this basis and by introducing three kinds of cyclic loads, semi-analytical solutions are obtained in the time domain using the Crump and Durbin method to perform Laplace inversion. Finally, the relevant behavior of one-dimensional consolidation for the viscoelastic unsaturated soil is discussed.

    Kinematics analysis for calculating distance of rockfalls on typical loose media slope
    ZHANG Yahui1, ZHANG Mengxi1, CHEN Qiang2, WANG Dong2, LUO Kangjun2
    2017, 23(6):  949.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1806
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    Determining avoiding routes is a key specification for highway location in mountain areas. According to the kinematics theory, formulae are derived for calculating distance of rockfalls on loose slope, taking into consideration the influence of rotation during collision. Using the software Rockfall, a model of field test is constructed. Results of software modeling, formula-based calculation and measurement are compared to verify feasibility of the formula that has guiding significance for determining avoiding routes. Typical factors influencing distance of rockfalls are analyzed to lay foundation for further research.

    Regional cooperation of Chinese urban venture capital networks and case study of Yangtze Economic Zone
    LI Yuanqin1, TONG Linken2, WU Zheren1
    2017, 23(6):  961.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1892
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    By core-periphery structure analysis and with the syndication investments events from 2000 to 2014 in China as a sample, this paper studies regional cooperation of Chinese urban venture capital networks. Dynamic venture capital urban networks are constructed every 5 years, and the behavior of cities in the Yangtze Economic Zone analyzed. The following results are obtained. First, a network structure featured by “core, sub-core, semi-periphery, periphery” shows a disparity structure among cities besides the significant phenomenon of spatial agglomeration. Second, regional cooperation is unbalanced, and there is widespread cooperation between core and core, and core and sub-core, while cities in semi-periphery and periphery are more willing to cooperate with those in core or subcore. Third, for cities in core, independent venture capitals (IVCs) are most active no matter in the same city or not, and corporate venture capitals (CVCs) are the second. The case study shows that Shanghai, the only city in core, establishes strangest cooperative relations with sub-core in the Yangtze Economic Zone. Most cities in the Yangtze Economic Zone are in semi-periphery and periphery.

    Comparative study on policies for promoting new energy automobiles in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou based on analysis hierarchy process
    WU Xuebin1, WANG Enci1, FAN Song1, PU Xianjuan2, JIAO Zheng2
    2017, 23(6):  973.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1805
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    This is a comparative study of the policies for promoting new energy automobiles in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou based on analytic hierarchy process (AHP) in four dimensions: subsidies, installation of charging infrastructure, traffic control, and government procurement. In a quantified research, we find that the weight of policies for installation of charging infrastructure is maximum and that of subsidy policies is minimum. Problems exist in the policies for promoting new energy in China, including too many subsidies, unreasonable design of subsidy policies, rough policies of government procurement, and lack of coerciveness. Suggestions are made for solving these problems.