Abstract:

The concentrations and profiles of 7 phthalate esters and bisphenol A in 97 indoor dust samples collected from urban residential houses, shopping markets, college dormitories, and offices in Shanghai. Seven phthalate esters and bisphenol A were found at detection rate of 100\% in all samples. The sum concentrations of seven phthalate compounds ranged from 127.00 to 3 130.00 μg/g, with a median value of 542.00 μg/g. DEHP is the major phthalate esters found in indoor dust samples, ranging from 85.40 to3 040.00 μg/g, with a median concentration of 399.00 μg/g. Bisphenol A ranged from 0.20 to 4.70 μg/g, with a median value of 0.65 μg/g. The concentrations of phthalate esters were found to be the highest in offices, following by residential houses, college dormitories, and shopping markets, while the concentrations of bisphenol A were found to be the highest in offices and shopping markets, following by college dormitories and residential houses. The daily intakes (DI) of phthalate esters and bisphenol A were estimated through the route of dust ingestion for various age groups. The values of DI of phthalate esters and bisphenol A were 2 250.00 and 2.27 ng/kg-bw/day, respectively for toddlers, which were relative higher than those for adults. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) model taking into account DEHP inhalation routes is used to quantitatively estimate the exposure risks for three age groups of female and male adults, adolescents, and children. According to the age groups, the values of ILCR in a decreasing order are as following: $I_3$(adult)$>I_2$(adolescent)$>I_1$(child), and the values of ILCR is higher for females than for males.

Key words: phthalic acid ester (PAE), bisphenol A (BPA), indoor dust, human exposure, incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR)