多环芳烃在上海近郊大气颗粒物(PM2.5和PM10)中的污染特征、来源及其健康风险评估

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2014.01.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 利用大流量主动采样器连续6 个月采集了上海近郊可吸入大气颗粒物( PM₁₀和PM_2.5), 利用气质联用技术分析了其中16 种优先控制的多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs). 结果表明, 上海近郊大气颗粒物PM10 和PM_2.5 中∑PAHs 的质量浓度范围分别为5.25～136 和3.56～149 ng/m³, 平均值分别为36.9 和28.5 ng/m³. 通过特征比值法, 可推测该地区的大气颗粒物主要来源于煤炭燃烧及交通运输排放的尾气. 在16种PAHs 中, 具有强致癌效应的BaP 的质量浓度为0.6～16 ng/m³; ∑PAHs 的总毒性当量(toxic equivalent quantity, TEQ)分别为5.4和4.1 ng/m³. 根据所测大气颗粒物中BaP等效毒性当量的暴露浓度, 利用终生致癌风险(incremental lifetime cancer risk, ILCR) 模型, 分别对不同性别、不同年龄段人群的呼吸和皮肤接触暴露PAHs 造成的潜在健康风险进行了评估. 结果表明: ILCR 大小按年龄段排序为成人>儿童>青年; 按性别排序则为女性>男性. 所有年龄段的终生致癌风险皆略高于美国环保总局(United States Environmental rotection Agency, USEPA) 规定的可忽略阈值(10⁻⁶), 存在一定的人体健康风险, 因此需从源头对PAHs 以及可吸入颗粒物的排放浓度进行有效的控制, 以减少其对人体的潜在危害.

关键词: PM_2.5, 风险评估, 终生致癌风险, PM₁₀, 多环芳烃

Abstract: A study of airborne particle-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) was conducted in a suburban area of Shanghai during six months to assess the levels and sources of PAHs in air, and its potential health risk to local residents. The total concentration of PAHs in PM10 and PM2.5 ranged from 5.25～136 and 3.56～149 ng/m³ with a mean of 36.9 and 28.5 ng/m³. As the result of isomeric ratios, it is suggested that the combustion and traffic are the main source of airborne PAHs. The median value of BaP ranges from 0.6 to 16 ng/m³. The toxic equivalent quantities (TEQs) are 5.4 ng/m³ of PM10 and 4.1 ng/m³ of PM_2.5. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) model taking into account inhalation and dermal contact routes is used to quantitatively estimate the exposure risks for three age groups of female and male adults, adolescents, and children. According to the age groups, the values of ILCR in a decreasing order are as following: adults > children > adolescents; and that of females is higher than males. These values of all age groups are higher than the lowest level provided by United States Environmental Protection Agency (ILCR=10⁻⁶), indicating unacceptable probability distributions. That implies air quality in China is still facing a serious problem and challenge.

Key words: incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR), PM₁₀, PM_2.5, risk assessment, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs)

中图分类号:

X 51

吴明红, 陈镠璐, 陈祖怡, 冯加良, 马静. 多环芳烃在上海近郊大气颗粒物(PM_2.5和PM₁₀)中的污染特征、来源及其健康风险评估[J]. 上海大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 20(4): 521-530.

WU Ming-hong, CHEN Liu-lu, CHEN Zu-yi, FENG Jia-liang, MA Jing. Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Atmospheric Particulate Matter (PM_2.5 and PM₁₀) from a Suburban Area in Shanghai: Levels, Sources and
Risk Assessment[J]. Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）, 2014, 20(4): 521-530.

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多环芳烃在上海近郊大气颗粒物(PM_2.5和PM₁₀)中的污染特征、来源及其健康风险评估

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) in Atmospheric Particulate Matter (PM_2.5 and PM₁₀) from a Suburban Area in Shanghai: Levels, Sources and
Risk Assessment

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