Table of Content

30 June 2017, Volume 23 Issue 3

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Group-based vintage film inpainting using robust principal component analysis

YU Bing1,2, DING Youdong1,2, DONG Sun1,2, HUANG Xi1,2

2017, 23(3):  315-323.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1923

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In this paper, a new group-based method using robust principal component analysis (RPCA) is proposed to deal with multiple categories of damage in vintage film sequences. Pre-processing of the video sequence is achieved by shot segmentation and flicker elimination. In a framework of multi-resolution pyramid, an observation matrix is constructed on the coarsest level by space-time domain grouping. After performing RPCA transform based on the alternating linear method in sequence, locations of large area damage are obtained based on inter-frame error information. An initial inpainting result sequence, a break mask sequence, and a nearest neighbor offset matrix set using an upsampling method are constructed. The original sequence is then modified. By repeating the space-time grouping RPCA transform, inpainting of the vintage film sequence is realized. Experimental results show that the method can simultaneously repair different damages in the screen with good performance.

Evaluation criteria for visual comfort in 3D-VR

TIAN Feng1,2, XU Haojun1, WANG Pan1, HOU Xiaofei1, HUA Minlei1

2017, 23(3):  324-332.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1936

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With development of the virtual reality (VR) technology, 3D-VR video has become a hot spot. 3D-VR video is taken with multiple cameras, which would lead to color differences in some parts of the screen. The differences in hue, saturation and lightness of the left-right parallax that affecting audience comfort are quantitatively analyzed. In a subjective evaluation experiment, a relationship model between 3D-VR texture difference and comfort is built based on HSL (hue, saturation, lightness) color space. With the model, a visualization early warning platform of VR video texture is development to help artists in the 3D-VR content production and creation.

Reduction of background audio noise for historical films based on non-negative matrix factorization

ZHANG Yejun, YANG Weiying

2017, 23(3):  333-341.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1940

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Audio materials of numerous historical films suffer from low sound quality, noise and other problems after being archived for a long time. This paper proposes a method based on non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) to automatically detect and separate background noise in a single channel audio. Harmonic signals and noises are modeled and differentiated using a sinusoid model and a priori noise training model respectively. Background noise is separated from the input audio with a constrained NMF algorithm. Experiments show that the proposed denoising algorithm outperforms the current algorithms in the denoise plug-in.

Survey of VR applications in interactive films and games

ZHANG Tingting1, TIAN Feng1,2, Lü Wei3, WANG Yihua4, HUANG Chao1

2017, 23(3):  342.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1935

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Virtual reality (VR) is an important technology widely applied in interactive film and video games. Due to its immersive sense, interactivity and conception, virtual
reality has changed the industry of interactive film and video game, and significantly improves the user experience. This paper briefly summarizes the state-of-the-art applications in film and video games industry including short films, documentaries, promos, games, educational applications, medicine, psychological interaction, etc. According to interaction level, applications of VR can divided into panoramic interactions, plot interactions, and complete interaction. The bottlenecks of VR interactive contents and the problems of current VR technology including the bottlenecks of VR films, the problems of current VR games and VR devices and analyzed. Finally, prospects of possible developments of VR in the future are given.

Automatic annotation for film and Television drama shots and recut system based on face identification

LANG Yue1, ZHOU Jiting1, LIANG Xiaolong2, ZHANG Wenjun1

2017, 23(3):  353-363.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1713

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This paper proposes an automatic editing system named Star Cut based on face recognition using deep learning and a video shot detection technique. The purpose is to establish a system for management, retrieval, and automatic recut of film and TV shots. First, the system with over 350 faces of pop stars and actors using a U-face model is trained to learn facial features. The system uses the change rate of edges to detect shot edge. After shot segmentation, the system uses the pre-trained face models to identify faces in the input film or TV drama shot by shot. Users can either choose to recognize all figures in these shots or just choose selected one to recut all the shots containing him/her together automatically. The recall rate of shot segmentation is above 95%, and the recognition rate of faces in an shooting angle of 45° is 92.45%. Test results show that the proposed system has good robustness.

Survey on visual comfort of 3D movies

DAI Shuaifan1, TIAN Feng1,2, HUANG Chao1, TANG Haifeng3, Lü Wei4

2017, 23(3):  364-377.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1941

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Visual comfort is important in stereoscopic 3D experience. The influence of visual comfort can be categorized into psychological and physiological factors. Existing work focuses on visual fatigue factor analysis, comfort evaluation and comfort enhancement of 3D movies. Based on the related research, this paper summarizes the factors of visual fatigue, reviews various measurement methods proposed to evaluate visual comfort, and provides an overview of recent advances in improving 3D image quality. Finally, this paper previews the future work for visual comfort of 3D movies.

Human embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes model establishment and systemic identification scheme

CHEN Xinxin, LIU Zhuyuan, GU Huanyu, ZHOU Lei

2017, 23(3):  378-386.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1939

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Cardiomyocytes is useful in the study of many cardiovascular diseases, while human cardiomyocytes are difficult to obtain and culture. With multi-directional differentiation properties, human embryonic stem cells can provide cell resources in vitro. This study aims to establish a useful protocol to induce the differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into cardiomyocytes, and observe identification of human cardiomyocytes. Expression of stem cell markers including Cripto, Dnmt3b, Wnt3, KIF4, Oct4, SOX2 and Nanog decrease during differentiation while cardiac progenitor cell marker Nkx2.5 and cardiomyocytes specific markers TnnT2 and a-actinin increase. Ratios of TnnT2 positive cells, α-actinin positive cells, TnnT2 and α-actinin double positive cells are 90.80%, 91.00%, and 90.91%. These results indicate that human embryonic stem cells can be efficiently induced into cardiomyocytes in the proposed protocol. In conclusion, differentiation of human embryonic stem cells into cardiomyocytes has been successfully induced and an identification scheme has been established, and markers have been detected through quantitative PCR and immunofluorescence stainings. The protocol will facilitate better understanding
of pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases and enable better cardiotoxicity drug screening.

Improvement and preliminary evaluation of neonatal rat cardiac regeneration model

ZHU Hao1, DING Shengguang1, HUANG Haitao1, XU Jiahong2, ZHONG Chongjun1

2017, 23(3):  387-394.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1938

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An improved neonatal rat cardiac regeneration model was established and a preliminary evaluation was conducted. Neonatal rats of 12 h and exercised apical resection surgery with low-temperature anesthesia were used. Postoperative survival rates were taken on 1, 3, 7 and 21 d, and the cross-sectional area were measured to evaluate the advantage of the improved technique. In the control group, postoperative survival rate at 1 d was 61%, while the improved group was 77%. In addition, survival rates of the improved group on 3, 7 and 21 d were higher than that in the control group. Variation of resected apex crosssectional area was smaller in the improved group. In conclusion, the improved neonatal rat cardiac regeneration model is more stable and more uniform with a higher operation
success rate. This model may be used to investigate genes and the signaling pathways mediating mammalian heart regeneration.

Relationship between galectin-3 and macrophage in inflammation reactions

LIU Zhongni, YANG Liming

2017, 23(3):  395-401.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1886

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Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is an approximately 30 kDa and highly conserved β-galactose distributed in a wide range of tissues and microenvironments. Its specific carbohydraterecognition domain and evolutionary conserved N-terminal domain of Gal-3 make it more flexible and multifunctional as a mediator affecting inflammation. Macrophage plays an important role in inflammatory reactions as a major immunocyte. This review focuses on the relationship between Gal-3 and macrophage in inflammatory reactions.

Clinical analysis of 13 patients with uterine rupture during pregnancy

HUA Renyi, WANG Yanlin, LIN Nan, GUO Yuna

2017, 23(3):  402-407.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1937

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To analyze the high-risk factors, clinical characteristics and prognosis of uterine rupture during pregnancy, clinical data of 13 patients with uterine rupture in International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital from January 2009 to December 2016 were analyzed retrospectively. Among the 13 patients, 69.23% had complete uterine rupture. The rest had incomplete uterine rupture. 3 patients had vaginal delivery; 1 had a trial of vaginal delivery followed by a caesarean section, and 8 had caesarean section. 9 patients had scarred uterus. Hysterectomy was performed in 2patients. Scarred uterus is one of the most common risk factors of uterine rupture during pregnancy. A typical symptom of uterine rupture is continuous abdominal pain. Prognosis of the uterine rupture requires
further investigation.

RF fingerprinting identification with feature fusion

LIU Yanping, TIAN Jinpeng, CHEN Yong

2017, 23(3):  408-413.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1624

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Considering the intra-robustness and inter-difference of transmitters in a radio frequency fingerprinting (RFF) identification system, this paper fuses the second-order spectra, i.e., power spectral density and cross-power spectral density of signals as fingerprints, and uses a radial basis probabilistic neural network as the classifier. The classification performance of the wireless network in two different series has been evaluated in simulation experiments. Compared with other feature extraction methods and classifiers, it is demonstrated that accuracy of the proposed method makes a great improvement.

Effect of cold rolling reduction on deformation and annealing behavior of triple junctions and grain boundaries in high-purity aluminum

YIN Wenhong1,2, WANG Weiguo2,3, FANG Xiaoying2, QIN Congxiang2

2017, 23(3):  414-421.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1845

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Grain orientations and grain boundary migrations near triple junctions in a high purity aluminum were analyzed by electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD). The
results indicate that good correlations exist between the Schmid factors and Taylor factors and misorientation values of the point in grains near triple junctions in deformed samples to the original point. Grains with higher Schmid factors or lower Taylor factors typically correspond to higher misorientation values near the triple junctions. The largest misorientation increases with the increasing degree of deformation. In subsequent annealing at 400°C for 15 min, both grain boundaries and triple junctions migrate, and the former leaves ghost lines. During such migration, in general, a grain boundary grows from the grain with a lower Schmid factor into that with a higher Schmid factor, that is, a hard crystal grows into an adjacent soft crystal. Usually, the amount of migration of a grain boundary is considerably greater than that of a triple junction in light deformation, and the grain boundary becomes more curved after migration. The grain boundary migrates further during the second annealing at 400°C for 17 min to reduce the residual strain energy.

Synthesis of Y₂O₃ phosphor power by hydrolysis and oxidation and its fluorescence performance

WANG Xiaoxu1, FENG Panpan1, LI Qian1, LI Ying2, HU Yemin2

2017, 23(3):  422-431.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1857

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A novel and convenient hydrolysis and oxidation method is used in preparing Y₂O₃ powders. In this work, yttrium carbide was obtained from yttrium and the graphite by melting in a vacuum melting furnace. Y₂O₃ powders were prepared with a hydrolysis and oxidation method. The composition, crystal structure, photoluminescence properties, morphology and microstructure of Y₂O₃ powders were investigated with X-ray diffration(XRD), etc. The following results had been obtained. The triturated alloys sized about 1 mm were introduced into deionized water with 1∶20 mass ratios and PEG-400 and deionized
water with 8∶100 volume ratio under agitation for 24 h at 25°C. After filtering, washing and deionized water drying in a cabinet at 80 °C, and 400~1 000°C heat treatment, Y₂O₃ powders were obtained. Crystallization peaks appeared around 400°C. These XRD data were entirely consistent with the PDF card No. 65-3178, showing that the samples were cubic Y₂O₃. When the annealing temperature was raised to 800°C, the sample exhibited fluorescence. The obtained powders showed good bluish-white PL emissions, ranging from 430 to 600 nm, with peaks at 468 and 578 nm, under xenon light excitation. The luminescent mechanism was ascribed to the breakage of C—OY and COOY structures, giving rise to photoluminescence through a strong electron-photon coupling.

Effect of Cu precipitation and grain boundary on mechanical properties of microalloyed steel

LI Zhi1,2, HU Lijuan1,2, XIE Yaoping1,2, ZHAO Shijin1,2

2017, 23(3):  432-442.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1748

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Based on the elastic plastic finite element method, a microalloyed steel model of tension including Cu precipitation is constructed. This model is introduced into the finite element analysis of tension of microalloyed steel by changing the microstructure of Cu precipitation and grain boundary. Uniaxial tensile tests are conducted under different sizes of Cu precipitation and grain, and various values of the strain. Equivalent strain-stress curves are obtained. Strengthening mechanism is learned by analyzing the distribution of stress and strain. The results show that excellent ductility takes place at the center of Cu precipitation. Both intra-granular plasticity and its strain rate are better than grain boundary. In addition, a tension test of polycrystal model contained Cu precipitation and
grain boundary also shows compatible deformation of grain boundary.

Scheduling of automated straddle carrier based on heuristic algorithm

YAO Yuqin, HU Zhihua

2017, 23(3):  443-451.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1688

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For automatic scheduling of automated straddle carrier (ASC) of a container terminal, a mixed integer programming model is established. Considering that ASC can be done in a separate container transport between the shore and yard work independently, this paper turns the ASC container terminal scheduling into a simultaneous pickup and delivery problem, and proposes a first finished first insert (FFFI) heuristic algorithm to solve it. Thus the sequence of ASC is assured. Utilization per ASC is calculated. With the numbers of tasks and ASCs changed, utilization of ASC is calculated to verify effectiveness of the algorithm.

Enhanced g-C₃N₄ photocatalyst with vacuum heating and electron beam irradiation

ZHANG Yunlong, PU Xianjuan, CHENG Lingli, JIANG Yong, DING Guoji, JIAO Zheng

2017, 23(3):  452-463.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1686

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Two post-treatments, vacuum heating and electron beam irradiation are reported to enhance nonmetallic photocatalyst, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C₃N₄). These
two post-treatments reinforce visible light absorption abilities of g-C₃N₄. Nevertheless, electron beam irradiation is more destructive, causing a decided change for its chemical bonds and band structure. Based on the post-processing parameters given in this paper, vacuum heating (6.7±0.7 Pa for 4 d at 200°C) can enhance photocatalytic efficiency of original g-C₃N₄ by 2.5 times, and electron beam irradiation (800 kGy at 1.8 MeV and 8 mA·s⁻¹) can improve that by 4.5 times. The post-treated photocatalysts are stable during photocatalytic reaction and ensure further applications of those two post-treatments.

Influence of hydrothermal pretreatment of corncob on structure of cellulose

ZHANG Li, WANG Zheng, SHU Sitao, GUO Xiaoya

2017, 23(3):  464-472.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1684

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To solve the problem of high costs in pretreatment, secondary pollution and complicated subsequent purification, solid CO₂ was added as an auxiliary medium under hydrothermal pretreatment conditions. The effects of operating conditions including temperature, time and the amount of solid CO₂ on the cleavage behavior of cellulose and lignin removal were investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze the structural variation of cellulose, which had great significance of theoretic instruction to optimize the pretreatment process. The results show that cellulose chain cleavage basically occurs when the temperature exceeds 160°C. As temperature rises to 180°C, degree of polymerization (DP) decreases dramatically, and the removal of lignin reaches the highest (31.6%). From the analysis of FTIR, peaks associated with C—O—C bonds are weakened in pretreated samples, indicating that glycosidic bonds and chains of cellulose are broken down during the pretreatment process. Further analysis by XRD shows an increase in crystallinity of cellulose in pretreated corncob, indicating removal of the amorphous part of cellulose, and transition of cellulose Ⅰto cellulose Ⅱduring pretreatment.

Distribution characteristics of polychlorinated biphenyls in size-specific dust from air conditioner filters

XIA Xiaoyang1, SHUI Yong2, HUANG Ningbao1, ZHANG Xiaolan1, YU Yingxin1

2017, 23(3):  473-482.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1920

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Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a class of typical persistent organic pollutants. They are still detectable in the environmental though prohibited in the past
50 years. Indoor dust is an important source of human exposure to PCBs. Dust settled or adsorbed on air conditioner filters causes indoor particles, reflecting contamination of the indoor environment to some extent. In the present study, PCBs in dust of different sizes were collected from air conditioner filters in dining rooms and laboratories. The results show that the total amount of PCBs ranges from 6.73 to 23.90 ng/g dw. The PCB level in dining room dust is higher than that in laboratories. Compared with other regions worldwide, the present results are relatively low. Industrial products Aroclor1016, Aroclor1232, or Aroclor1242 may be main sources of PCBs because low chlorinated compounds dominate the totals. In addition, it has been found that significant correlation exists between the concentrations of PCBs and dust properties including particle sizes and organic contents. However, PCB concentrations are negatively correlated with surface area, total pore volume, average pore size, ratio of nitrogen to carbon (N/C), and ratio of hydrogen to carbon(H/C) in the dust. The results indicate that the dust properties have great influence on the concentrations of PCBs.

Determination of 12 antibiotics in aqueous environment by high performance LC-MS/MS

XU Hui, WU Minghong, XU Gang

2017, 23(3):  483-490.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1655

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This paper proposes a quantitative method for trace detection of 12 antibiotics including sulfonamides, β-lactams, fluoroquinolones, tetracyclines, macrolides in waters using solid phase extraction (SPE) coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). After enriching thought hydrophile lipophilic balance (HLB) cartridges, 12 antibiotics are detected by LC-MS/MS with the organic phase of acetonitrile and aqueous phase of ammonium acetate and 0.2% formic acid. The antibiotics are quantified with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode by internal standard of ¹³C3-caffeine. Quantification limits for antibiotics are from 0.004 83 to 4.805 00 ng/L in river water and the recoveries ranged from 71% to 90%. The method is applied to detect antibiotics in Nanchen River, Shanghai. Mean concentrations of antibiotics are from 2.04 to 254.46 ng/L.