Table of Content

30 April 2024, Volume 30 Issue 2

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CO₂ fixation in influencing factors and synergistic strategies by non-photosynthetic  autotrophic  microorganisms

WANG Jia1, ZHAO Xiaodi1, 2, HU Jiajun1, GAO Mintian1, LI Jixiang3, 4, LIU Nan5

2024, 30(2):  191-207.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2565

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Microbial CO₂ fixation is a promising pathway of carbon capture and utilization, which is crucial for achieving carbon neutrality in global ecosystems. Non-photosynthetic autotrophic microorganisms have attracted attention for their environmental adaptability, diversity of carbon fixation pathways, and production of high value-added products. Based on domestic and foreign researchs on CO₂ fixation by non-photosynthetic autotrophic microorganisms, we systematically analyzed internal and external factors affecting the carbon fixation efficiency of non-photosynthetic autotrophic microorganisms, including CO₂ fixation pathways, key carbon fixing enzymes, carbon sources, electron donors, and metabolites. Various strategies for promoting microbial CO₂ fixation have been proposed. In addition to strategies involving direct responses to influencing factors, strategies involving synergy between microorganisms and the use of metabolic promoters (biochar and micro/nanobubbles) are also being investigated. This review provides a theoretical foundation and technical support for enhancing CO₂ fixation by non-photosynthetic autotrophic microorganisms.



Plant-derived extracellular vesicles loaded with ACE2 prevent cell damage after PM_2.5 exposure

YE Xuan, QIAN Yuan, WANG Hongyun, ZHOU Lei

2024, 30(2):  208-217.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2552

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To investigate the efficacy of plant-derived extracellular vesicles (PDEVs) loaded with angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) in mitigating respiratory system dam-age induced by particulate matter (PM_2.5), we extracted PDEVs from grapes and loaded them with ACE2 overexpression plasmids. The effect of the modified PDEVs on human bronchial epithelial cells (Beas-2B) after exposure to PM_2.5 was investigated using CCK8 assays, dihydroethidium (DHE) staining, western blotting, and real-time quantitative poly-merase chain reaction (PCR). Exposure to PM_2.5 increases oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammatory factor production in Beas-2B cells. PDEVs loaded with ACE2 effectively delivered ACE2 to cells and thereby alleviated PM_2.5-induced cell damage including apop-tosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation. PDEVs thus show potential for use as carriers of genes that can prevent apoptosis and damage caused by atmospheric PM_2.5 exposure.



Oxidized black carbon induced inflammatory responses and associated mechanisms in SH-SY5Y cells

HUANG Jin, WANG Tiantian, AN Jing, ZHONG Yufang, SHANG Yu

2024, 30(2):  218-228.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2551

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Human neuroblastoma cell SH-SY5Y was applied as a cell line model in order to explore its inflammatory responses to ozone oxidized black carbon (OBC) and also to investigate the potential roles of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and phosphatidylin-ositol- 3-kinase/protein kinase B (PI3K/Akt) pathways. The results showed that mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) decreased and the degree of DNA damage increased signifi-cantly in a time- and concentration-dependent manner in SH-SY5Y cells after treatment with OBC. Interleukin-4 (IL-4) leakage and the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)mRNA were found to increase concentration-dependently, suggesting that OBC could lead to inflammatory responses in SH-SY5Y cells. Meanwhile, significantly elevated in-tracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and the mRNA expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) demonstrated that OBC caused oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells. OBC activated the NF-κB and PI3K/Akt pathways, indicated by significant changes seen in certain proteins. In summary, the NF-κB and PI3K/Akt pathways probably played important roles in OBC promoted oxidative stress and the in-flammatory responses seen in SH-SY5Y cells.



Dissecting errors in ligand structure by determining conformational changes due to the protein environment

QIAO Linlin, LI Yongle, GUO Cong, BICZYSKO Malgorzata

2024, 30(2):  229-242.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2513

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Ligand conformational strain energy (LCSE) is an important parameter in computer-aided drug discovery. LCSE may be calculated through quantum mechanical (QM) computations by comparing free and protein pocket-bound ligand structures. How-ever, there is still a dispute on the plausible LCSE range and the methodology to obtain it. In this work, 8 highly flexible ligand structures with a good variety of patterns were chosen to be optimized step-by-step with energy calculations to analyze the differences in struc-ture and relative energies from protein-bound ligands to free ligand with the minimum local energy. The structures with resolutions between high (0.86 × 10⁻¹⁰) and medium (3.1 × 10⁻¹⁰) are calculated through 3 QM methods, namely the density functional theory (DFT) with the M062X-D3 function as well as Hartree-Fock and GFN1-xTB approaches. QM calculation results show that LCSE was lower than 6.0 kcal/mol. In several cases, the energy differences between bound and unbound ligand structures was mainly due to significant errors in the geometrical parameters of the former, highlighting the need of accurate experimental determination of protein-bound ligand structures prior to LCSE analyses.



Adaptive Disturbance Observer-Based Tracking Control for Sea-Skimming Cruise Missile

LIU Yu, LI Yan, MAO Kefeng, ZHANG Dan

2024, 30(2):  243-254.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2326

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This study evaluates a sea-skimming cruise missile tracking control system using higher order sliding mode(HOSM) control based on an adaptive disturbance ob- server. Feedback control with finite time convergence was realized using a HOSM controller and differentiator. To increase the robustness of the control system, an adaptive disturbance observer was utilized to compensate for marine disturbances and aerodynamic fluctuations. These disturbances are merged into the unmatched external disturbance via the transformation of the cruise missile dynamics. A simulation was performed under various sea conditions to verify the high accuracy tracking and the robustness of the proposed scheme.



Trust management mechanism of clustered wireless sensor networks based on Q-Learning

ZHAO Yuanliang, WANG Tao, LI Ping, WU Yating, SUN Yanzan, WANG Rui

2024, 30(2):  255-266.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2367

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This paper proposes a Q-Learning based trust management mechanism for clustered wireless sensor networks (QLTMM-CWSN) as a solution to the security problems in wireless sensor networks. This mechanism mainly considers three aspects: communication trust, data trust and energy trust. During network operation, the Q-Learning algorithm is used to update the node trust value based on the nodes’ communication behavior, nodes’ data distribution, and nodes’energy consumption. The node with the highest trust value in the cluster is selected as the trusted cluster head node. When the trust value of the main cluster head node in the cluster falls below the threshold, the trusted cluster head node replaces the main cluster head node to manage the member nodes in the cluster and maintain normal data transmission. The simulation results show that the proposed QLTMM-CWSN mechanism can effectively protect against communication attacks, forged local data attacks, energy attacks, and hybrid attacks.



Vacancy trapping during solidification of Cu₅₀Ni₅₀ alloy

ZHANG Boyang, WANG Hao, ZHOU Tao, WU Yongquan

2024, 30(2):  267-277.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2399

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Molecular dynamics (MD) simulation was used to investigate the vacancy trap-ping during the solidification and annealing processes of Cu₅₀Ni₅₀ at different temperatures. The results showed that the vacancy trapping effect was very evident and the vacancy concentration significantly increased with the decrease in temperature, opposite to the law that the equilibrium concentration changes with temperature. There was a characteristic temperature T ^∗ for which the solidification rate rapidly increased with the decrease of temperature at shallow undercooling when T > T ^∗ but decreased slowly at deep undercooling when T < T ^∗, indicating that the vacancy concentration was not a monotonic function of the interface moving rate. In addition, as an alloy constituent, Cu was found to be a better vacancy atom (VA) than Ni.



Effects of shot peening on the fatigue properties of pre-deformed CP800 complex phase steel

CUI Haocheng, WANG Quan, CHEN Zhuo, ZHOU Jun, QI Tianwu, WANG Hongbin

2024, 30(2):  278-289.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2407

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Shot peening can improve the fatigue resistance of CP800 complex phase steel. Different levels of shot peening strength, namely, low (0.15 mmA), medium (0.3 mmA) and high (0.5 mmA), were used to treat the surface of CP800 complex phase steel following 5% prestretch deformation. The surface morphology and residual stress of the material after shot peening were studied, and the fatigue fracture was analyzed following a tensile-compression fatigue test. The results showed that CP800 complex phase steel with a 2 mm plate thickness was more suitable for low shot peening strength, and its fatigue life was approximately three times that of the unshot peening sample. The increase in fatigue life was attributed to the plastic deformation of the surface layer and increase in dislocation density. Residual compressive stress could also inhibit crack initiation. The surface roughness of the material increased after shot peening, and high shot peening intensity could easily increase the number of surface defects. In particular, under high shot peening strength, there would be more delamination damage on the surface of the sample, which negatively affected its fatigue properties.



Research progress of chemical mechanical polishing and auxiliary technology of single crystal SiC

ZHANG Peijia, LEI Hong

2024, 30(2):  289-299.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2469

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The traditional chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) technology for single crystal silicon carbide (SiC) faces challenges with low processing efficiency. Consequently, improving surface quality and material removal rates of SiC has emerged as a research focal point. This paper provides a summary of the main components of CMP polishing liquids, compares the effects of CMP-assisted polishing technology on the performance and mechanisms of single crystal SiC polishing, and offers prospects for the future development of CMP for single crystal SiC.



Analysis of stick-slip vibration characteristics of drill-string induced by Power-V

WANG Wenchang, DUAN Haoyu, LI Ning, WANG Xiaoliang, DI Qinfeng

2024, 30(2):  299-308.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2403

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Stick-slip motion is a vibration that affects drilling efficiency and downhole drill-string safety. The Power-V can provide an effective deviation control force and also induce stick-slip vibration of drill-string in vertical drilling systems. This study investigates the stick-slip vibration characteristics of a drill-string induced by Power-V. The interaction between Power-V and the wellbore, and the contact model between the bit and formation were studied. The action mechanism of Power-V was extensively analyzed, and its influence on torsional vibration was investigated using the finite element method for drill-string dynamics. The results show that the interaction between Power-V and the borehole wall significantly increases the friction between the drill-string and borehole wall, resulting in an increase in the friction torque and inducing downhole stick-slip vibration. The measured vibration data confirmed the interaction between Power-V and the borehole as the key factor causing the stick-slip vibration of the drill-string. This study is significant in revealing the causes of stick-slip vibration and maximizing the use of Power-V.



Temperature effects of super-large concrete on the construction of a tunnel through a lake

YAO Xiaonan, ZHANG Mengxi, LIU Bing

2024, 30(2):  308-317.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2408

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A tunnel constructed through a lake has high requirements for the anti-seepage properties of the concrete used, and the temperature effects of the concrete are closely related to concrete cracking. A high-performance dual-grating temperature-strain sensor was used to monitor the temperature and strain of the concrete during the concrete pouring process, and the variation law of concrete temperature and strain were analyzed. The site conditions following concrete pouring were investigated. It was found that cracks appeared in the side walls and caused leakage. Based on on-site constructions conditions, the finite element method was used to simulate the poured concrete, where the results of a numerical simulation were compared with on-site monitoring data to verify the accuracy of the numerical simulation results. In addition, the parameters that affected the temperature difference between the inner and outer walls of the concrete were analyzed. Results showed that the higher the temperature of the concrete when first introduced into the mold, the greater was the temperature difference between the completed inner and outer concrete walls. The temperature of the mold when the concrete was introduced increased by 10 ◦C, and the temperature difference between the completed inner and outer concrete walls increased by 1.46 ◦C. During construction in summer, the concrete raw materials should be cooled to ensure that the temperature of the concrete when introduced into the mold was less than 30 ◦C. The greater the decrease in ambient temperature, the greater was the temperature difference between the inner and outer concrete walls. When the ambient temperature decreased by 20 ◦C, the temperature difference between the inner and outer walls increased by 6.38 ◦C. When the ambient temperature decreased, thermal insulation measures must be taken. Specifically, wooden formwork was recommended for maintenance when thermal insulation was required. However, the demolding time should not be less than 6 d; otherwise, the temperature of the concrete surface would drop rapidly, and the temperature difference between the inner and outer walls would increase sharply.



Research on seismic performance of LYP160 buckling-restrained brace under fire-like conditions

HE Wenfu, LI Zhiwei, HU Baolin, HU Wubiao, DING Zhenkun, TIAN Hua

2024, 30(2):  318-331.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2446

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To study the seismic performance of buckling-restrained braces (BRBs) and the corresponding system at high temperatures (i.e., concerning fire), the mechanical properties of the BRB core material were tested at room and high temperatures. Considering the test results, a refined thermomechanical coupling finite element model of a BRB was established and the accuracy of the model was verified. Additionally, the performance of temperature field, hysteretic curves, skeleton curves, and energy dissipation capacity of an LYP160 BRB under conditions resembling fire were compared and evaluated. Elasto plastic dynamic time analyses were separately conducted regarding a BRB with an 8-story steel frame structure (labeled as BS) and the original structure (OS) under various conditions: three high-temperature ranges (like fire) and room temperature. The results showed that the average inter-story drifts of the BS under the three heat conditions were 30.4%, 33.2%, and 42% lower than that of the OS. There are severe damage of plastic hinges on the OS, more occurring in the column, while the overall damage of BS was less severe. Thus, the BS is safer and more stable than the OS.



Diffusive-thermal instability of adiabatic reverse smolder waves

MAO Yijie, LU Zhanbin

2024, 30(2):  332-340.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2419

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We employ numerical strategies to investigate the diffusive-thermal instability of adiabatic reverse smolder waves and the subsequent evolution processes of the smolder waves following the onset of instability. First, the linear stability of adiabatic reverse smolder waves is assessed using the numerical normal mode analysis method. This analysis generates a stability diagram characterized by the oxygen Lewis number and the incoming air flow rate M_g. Two different types of instabilities are identified: cellular (or fingering) instability and traveling wave instability. The categorization depends on the range of the control parameters. The linear stability analysis results are validated through a comparison with numerical simulations of 2-D nonlinear evolution processes of smolder waves.



Closure coefficient modification of SA turbulence model combined with machine learning

XU Xiangyang, HU Guannan, WANG Liangjun, ZHU Wenhao, ZHANG Wu

2024, 30(2):  341-351.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2410

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This paper presents a combined approach integrating the modified Morris classification and screening method with extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), driven by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) data. The methodology is applied to modify the closure coefficient of the Spalart-Allmaras (SA) turbulence model. The utilization of the classification and screening method effectively narrows the research scope of the closure coefficient. Using the XGBoost method, a highly accurate fitting model can be obtained even with a small-scale data set, leading to effective improvements in the efficiency of coefficient modification. Employing this method, numerical experiments are conducted for the flow over the three-dimensional (3D) DLR-F6-WB configuration. The experimental results demonstrate the method’s capability to rectify coefficients on complex 3D models based on small sample data. Consequently, the accuracy of the modified lift-drag coefficients has been significantly improved.



Quantitative stock selection model based on LSTM-text analysis

LU Fangling, ZHAO Jiawei, XIA Tiecheng

2024, 30(2):  352-361.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2354

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With the improvement of people’s living standards, increasing numbers of people are involved in the stock market. To scientifically and effectively quantify stock selection, this study establishes a quantitative stock selection model through an organic combination of quantitative investment, deep learning, and text analysis. That is, stocks with good fundamentals are selected through text analysis. Then, those with good prediction accuracy are selected using long-short term memory (LSTM). Finally, the stock price trend of these stocks in the next few days is predicted. In terms of empirical analysis, the model is used to perform calculations on some stocks and the result shows Yinghe Technology with better forecasting effects.



Comparison of Environmental and resource benefits of municipal sludge incineration ash disposal models

WEI Shun, WANG Yao, XU Yunfeng, QIAN Guangren, NIE Yongyou

2024, 30(2):  362-372.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2294

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The material flow method and life cycle assessment method are combined to analyze the environmental impact of three disposal scenarios, including incinerated sewage sludge ash (ISSA) to landfill, ISSA substitution for clay, phosphorus recovery from ISSA then residue substitution for clay. The cost-benefit method compares the economic benefits of the three disposal scenarios. The results show that ISSA utilization is superior to ISSA to landfill in solving the problems of abiotic resource depletion, acidification potential, eutrophication potential, freshwater aquatic ecotoxicity, global warming potential, photo hem ozone creation potential. In addition, phosphorus recovery from ISSA then residue substitution for clay is the best disposal scenarios with a net income of 141.21 yuan/ton ISSA. If the disposal path is extended to all sewage treatment plants in China, 262,600 tons of phosphorus can be extracted and 2,092,300 tons of struvite can be produced each year.