Table of Content

30 August 2019, Volume 25 Issue 4

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Research Articles

Estimation of apnea hypopnea index based on acoustic features of snoring

Limin HOU, Weitao ZHANG, Dan SHI, Huancheng LIU

2019, 25(4):  435-444.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1942

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Sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome (SAHS) is a sleep respiratorydisorder. This paper proposes a method to screen severity of SAHSaccording to acoustic features of snoring. Mel-frequency cepstralcoefficients (MFCC) of snores are extracted and Gaussian mixturemodels (GMMs) used for snoring classification. Apnea hypopnea index(AHI) of the snorer is estimated. The results show that diagnosticaccuracy of SAHS severity is 80.00${\%}$, as compared topolysomnography (PSG). Agreement with PSG is 83.30${\%}$, and thePearson correlation coefficient is 0.956 3 ($P<$0.001). The resultssuggest that MFCC is a group of valid features for SAHS screening.This study has significance to the medical aided diagnosis of SAHS,and to the development of home health care.

Defect detection of continuous casting slabs based on deep learning

Jiacheng HU, Xiangyang WANG, Han LIU

2019, 25(4):  445-452.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2018

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For analyzing surface defect such as surface cracks, depressions, inclusions, blow hole and scratches of continuous casting slabs, the support vector machine (SVM) can be used, and this is realized through identifying with the image texture and geometric features. The accuracy with such method is about 83${\%}$. Convolutional neural network (CNN) is used to propose a method of defect detection. The crack defect detection accuracy is 93${\%}$, and the detection accuracy for other defects (like depression, inclusions, blow hole and scratches when they are grouped together) is 88${\%}$. Experimental results show that deep learning is an effective method for detecting and identifying the defective continuous casting slabs, and the accuracy is high.

Effect of zircon content on the properties of silica based ceramic core

Dengke ZHAO, Weidong XUAN, Lijun LIU, Jian LAN, Zhongming REN

2019, 25(4):  453-461.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1994

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The ceramic core was prepared using the hot injection method, where quartz glass powders were used as original materials, zircon as additive, and the ceramic casting wax as the plasticizer. The purpose is to test the changes in the properties of cores and the effect of zircon content on the properties of silica-based ceramic core. It was learned that the zircon additive has no obvious effect on core crystallization. Zircon, which has high melting point and stability, did not react with silica and could reduce the viscous flow of quartz glass and the degree of sintering of the core. As a result, the more zircon was added, the lower the shrinkage and room temperature strength were, and the greater the porosity was. A small amount of zircon, which was distributed in the quartz glass matrix, contributed to strengthening the matrix and also improved the high temperature strength of the core. When the content of zirconium silicate was high, the content of quartz glass decreased, and the content of quartzite which resulted from crystallization of quartz glass decreased as well, and this resulted in the lowering of high temperature strength. The high temperature deflection of the core decreased with the increase of the zircon content because zircon could reduce the viscous flow of quartz glass at high temperature.

Estimation of surface tension of Al-Mg-Zn ternary alloy

Ailin ZHOU, Zhiliang YANG, Hang SHI, Zhu LI, Liande WU, Guangxin WU, Jieyu ZHANG

2019, 25(4):  462-471.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1957

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The surface tensions of the Al-Mg, Mg-Zn and Al-Zn binary systems at 973 K were estimated on the basis of Butler's equation, in combination with excess Gibbs energy parameters calculated by CALPHAD technology. The results indicated that the surface tension of Al melts decreased with increasing additions of Mg and Zn. At the same time, the surface tension of Al-Mg-Zn ternary alloy at 973 K were calculated by using Chou model. The results showed that surface tension of ternary alloy was approximately in the range of 0.575$\sim $0.864 N/m, and the surface tension decreased with addition of Mg. The estimated results of binary or ternary alloys were in excellent agreement with experimental data and the error was less than 5${\%}$.

1.3 $\mu $m InAs/GaAs quantum dot laterally coupled distributed feedback laser with shallow-etched gratings

Qizhu LI, Xia FU, Ziyang ZHANG, Xu WANG, Hongmei CHEN, Chuncai HOU, Yuanqing HUANG, Chunyang GUO, Jiahua MIN

2019, 25(4):  472-483.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1982

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An improved way of fabricating 1.3 $\mu$m distributed feedback (DFB) laser is presented to avoid overgrowth and deep etching. This structure has laterally index-coupling first-order gratings fabricated by shallow etching alongside the ridge waveguide. It is named laterally coupled DFB (LC-DFB) laser, whose properties is better than that of traditional DFB lasers. Two InAs/GaAs quantum dot (QD) samples, undoped QD and p-doped QD are prepared for DFB lasers. A low threshold current of 1.12 mA per QD layer is achieved by the undoped QD LC-DFB lasers. A high characteristic temperature and differential quantum efficiency is obtained by p-doped QD LC-DFB lasers. The index-coupled LC-DFB laser achieves single longitudinal mode continuous-wave operation with a large side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of 51 dB. The laser also shows good wavelength stability against drive current and working temperature. The 1.3 $\mu$m InAs/GaAs QDs LC-DFB laser with regrowth-free shallow-etched gratings promises great potential applications in long-distance fibre-optics comunication.

Asymmetric $L_{p}$-radial difference bodies

Jibing QI

2019, 25(4):  493-501.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2032

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The notion of asymmetric $L_{p}$-radial difference bodies about star bodies has been defined, and some of their properties have been studied. Some inequalities for dual quermassintegrals of asymmetric $L_{p}$-radial difference bodies have been established. In particular, some inequalities for the volumes of asymmetric $L_p$-radial difference bodies have been obtained.

Failure behavior for composite bolted joints

Xuhui TANG, Shunqi ZHANG, Shenshun YING, Min CHEN

2019, 25(4):  502-515.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2049

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Bolt joints are the most commonly used connections, but they are often the weakest part in those structures. Therefore, to ensure the safety of aircraft structures, evaluating failure load in composite bolted joint is necessary. Based on Hashin failure criteria, a 3D finite element (FE) model of a composite single-lap countersunk bolted joint was developed to study the damage effects. Numerical analysis was conducted by employing UMAT which was developed from Fortran Language and implemented via Abaqus. Based on the parametric studies of coefficient of friction, bolt-hole clearance and bolt load, the impact of parameters on the failure load of composite bolted joint was analyzed, and numerical results were compared with experimental results, to provide the reference for the installation and design of composite bolted joints.

Effects of different initial porosities on waste repository of buffer material with high-level radioactivity

Aifang QIN, Xu JIA

2019, 25(4):  516-525.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1971

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A model test for high-level radioactive nuclear waste repository (HLWR) was carried out to study the GMZ01 bentonite nuclear waste repository in the near field. An axisymmetric model was established, and the full thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) coupling considered using the finit element method (FEM) software Code-Bright. With the repositories closed, the effect of different degrees of compaction (porosity) on disposal of seepage, stress and temperature were observed. Variations in temperature, saturation, suction, and stress with time on different initial porosity were obtained. The results provide references for the analysis of planning, design, feasibility of China Beishan Nuclear Waste Repository.

Compression characteristics and analysis of levee settlement of soft clay in the Yangtze River Estuary

Liang YANG, Zhongyi ZHAO, Aifang QIN

2019, 25(4):  526-535.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2112

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Owing to the difficulty in predicting the settlement of soft clay in the Yangtze River Estuary area, a series of consolidation tests of undisturbed and remoulded soft clays was conducted to study the consolidation and secondary consolidation characteristics of soft clays in this region. The range of compression indexs and the relationship between the coefficient of secondary consolidation in soft clay and the load were investigated. Furthermore, the engineering characteristics of the Yangtze River Estuary soft clay, typical Shanghai soft clay, and Chongming Island soft clay were compared. Two methods were applied to calculate and predict post-construction settlement, and the feasibility of these two methods was analyzed. The compressibility index of muddy silty clay in the Yangtze River Estuary was found to range from 0.316 to 0.364, and that of silty clay ranged from 0.267 to 0.313, which are both somewhat higher than that of typical Shanghai soft clay. With an increase in the load, the secondary consolidation coefficient of undisturbed clay increase at first but decreased afterwards, while the secondary consolidation coefficient of the remoulded clay was independent of the load. The secondary consolidation coefficient of soft clay in the Yangtze River Estuary was found to be greater than that of the typical soft clay in Shanghai. In conclusion, the physical properties of Yangtze River Estuary soft clay, typical Shanghai soft clay, and Chongming Island soft clay are different.

Analysis of vertical displacement of frame-shear wall structure caused by excavation of double line tunnel

Feng PANG, Dan MENG, Yan CHEN, Chao HE

2019, 25(4):  536-543.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2039

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The subway tunnel excavation will cause ground surface subsidence and influence the ground surface environment. When there are buildings on the ground surface, it will cause the deformation of the building. This paper takes an example a building in Qingdao which is passed through by the subway tunnel. Using the data of surface subsidence collected in the construction process, it attempts to analyze reversely the surface movement parameters and address the settlement of the ground surface by means of the stochastic medium theory and the Peck method. In the meantime, attempt has been made to use the parameters to predict the surface subsidence under the building. A three-dimensional finite element model of the research object (the building) has been developed through the finite element software ANSYS. Research results indicate that the impact tunnel construction has on reinforced concrete frame shear wall structure deformation follows certain rules.

Distributions of allergenic platanus pollen protein in the ambient particulates in the spring of Shanghai

Hui ZHAO, Jiaxian PENG, Qiang HONG, Hongli ZHANG, Weiqian WANG, Qingyao WANG, Zhengying TAN, Shumin ZHOU, Wei ZHANG, Senlin LÜ

2019, 25(4):  544-549.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2007

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The allergenic pollen protein Pla a3 in Shanghai atmospheric particulate matter was selected as the research aim. Pla a3 protein from platanus pollen was expressed by biological engineering. Then rats were immunized and special antibody were prepared from the rat serum. The distribution of Pla a3 protein in Shanghai atmospheric particulate matter was maeasured and analyzed by making use of the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Research results showed that total protein content in particulate matter was the highest in the particles with size diameter less than 1.1 $\mu$m. Its mass concentration is 2.5$\sim$3.0 $\mu$g/m$^3$. The Pla a3 protein in particulate matters was found mainly in particles with size diameter larger than 7.0 $\mu$m, with average mass level was 7.5 pg/m$^3$. Mass level of Pla a3 protein with size diameter less than 1.1 $\mu$m was the least. Based on the research data collected, the connection between allergenic protein and toxic composition in the ambient particles will be further explored.

Cytotoxicity in SH-SY5Y cells induced by $O_{3}$-oxidized black carbon particles

Yu SHANG, Tiantian WANG, Meiying WU, Lu WANG, Huixin HE, Jing AN

2019, 25(4):  550-557.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1963

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SH-SY5Y cells were used to investigate neurotoxicity of O$_3$-oxidized black carbon (OBC) particles. Cell viability was measured by MTT assay after being treated with OBC for 24 and 48 h. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage was determined to evaluate cellular membrane injury after OBC treatment for 24 h. Apoptosis rate was detected by cytometry after OBC treatment for 24 h. Concentrations of Ca$^{2+}$ was then measured with fluorescent probe of Fluo 3-AM. OBC exposure caused significant dose-dependent and time-dependent viability decrease. LC$_{50}$ for 24 and 48 h were 202.2 and 133.3 $\mu $g/mL, respectively. The LDH leakage, apoptosis rate and intracellular Ca$^{2+}$ levels were also increased significantly in a dose-dependent manner after being treated with OBC in SH-SY5Y cells. These results suggest that OBC may mediate cytotoxic effects and apoptosis through Ca$^{2+}$ release.

Genotoxicity of 1-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-butene in cells

Yufeng LI, Xinjie LIU, Xinyu ZHANG

2019, 25(4):  558-565.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1952

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1-chloro-2-hydroxy-3-butene (CHB) is a potentially critical metabolite of 1,3-butadiene, a carcinogenic air pollutant. It is genotoxic. This work studies the possible pathways for CHB to cause DNA damage. It has been found that the chloromethyl group in CHB was a pivotal factor in the structure because 3-buten-2-ol (BO), an analog of CHB without chlorine, was non-genotoxic. Genotoxicity of the pre-incubated CHB solution increased after the CHB solution was pre-incubated for a long time ($\geq4$ h), indicating that CHB could slowly be converted to other compounds with higher genotoxicity. The use of inhibitors of P450 and alcohol dehydrogenase had no effect on genotoxicity of CHB. Genotoxicity of CHB increased over cell-treatment time, but decreased at 12 h. The results suggested that genotoxicity of CHB may mostly stem from its capability to react with DNA rather than biotransformation to 1-chloro-3-buten-2-one (CBO).

Characteristics and sources of alkanes in PM$_\textbf{2.5}$ in Yiwu City

Huanbing CHEN, Yi CHANG, Shenghua ZHANG, Yining HUANG, Jialiang FENG

2019, 25(4):  566-575.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1943

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To understand chemical characteristics and sources of $n$-alkanes and hopanes in the atmospheric PM$_{2.5}$ in Yiwu City, a representative county-level city in the Yangtze River Delta region, seasonal atmospheric PM$_{2.5}$ samples were collected smultaneously at two sites in Yiwu City, Beiyuan and Jiangdong, from July 2015 to April 2016 using TH-16A four-channel samplers. Concentrations of $n$-alkanes (C$_{16}\sim $C$_{34})$ and hopanes (C$_{27}\sim $C$_{32})$ in the PM$_{2.5}$ samples were quantified with gas chromato graphy-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). The results show that the annual average concentration of $n$-alkanes in PM$_{2.5}$ at Beiyuan and Jiangdong were 78.0 and 80.4 ng/m$^{3}$, respectively. No statistical difference in concentration of $n$-alkanes was found between the two sampling sites. A distinct seasonal trend of winter$\to $autumn$\to $spring$\to $summer was found for $n$-alkanes in Yiwu City. The distribution patterns, carbon number maxima (C$_{\max})$, carbon preference index (CPI) and plant wax contribution (Wax${\%}$) of $n$-alkanes all indicated that emissions from fossil-fuel usage was the main source of $n$-alkanes in PM$_{2.5}$ in Yiwu City, while the average contribution of plant wax was about 20${\%}$. The annual average concentration of hopanes in PM$_{2.5}$ at Beiyuan and Jiangdong were 5.5 and 4.6 ng/m$^{3}$, respectively. Strong correlation between the concentrations of hopanes and $n$-alkanes was found. The distribution pattern and characteristics of hopanes indicated that vehicle emission was an important source of the organic matter in PM$_{2.5}$ in Yiwu City.

Degradation of phenolic organic wastewater with electro-Fenton method

Jiahui XU, Shouliang HUO, Jingtian ZHANG, Guangren QIAN, Yunfeng XU, Bin WANG

2019, 25(4):  576-589.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1951

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In this work, an electro-Fenton system with a graphite cathode, a Ti/IrO$_{2}$-RuO$_{2}$ anode, iron-carbon particles and nano-Fe$_{3}$O$_{4}$ heterogeneous catalysts was developed for phenol wastewater and coal liquefaction wastewater. In a 3D electrode/electro-Fenton (3D-EF) reactor coupled with iron-carbon particle catalysts, the removal rate of phenol reached 100${\%}$ in 1 h, and the removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD) reached 80${\%}$ in 5 h. That was higher than those in heterogeneous catalytic electro-Fenton (HEF) coupled with nano-Fe$_{3}$O$_{4}$ catalysts. The results indicated that the optimum reaction conditions were controlled as follows: initial pH=3, 2 mm$<d<$5 mm particle size, 10 g (33 g/L) particle dosage, and 1 400 mg/L initial COD concentration. After 5 h of the reaction, high treatment efficiency of coal liquefaction wastewater was obtainedin the 3D-EF system.The removal efficiency of COD was approximately 40${\%}$, and B/C was 0.44. UV spectrum, 3D fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to investigate variation of dissolved organic matters before and after degradation process. The results show that single ring aromatic compounds in coal liquefaction wastewater is easy to degrade, and removal of COD in wastewater are mainly from degradation of phenolic compounds.

Homologous multiferroicity in Ca$_{\textbf{0.5}}$Ba$_{\textbf{0.5}}$MnO$_{\textbf{3}}$ from first-principle investigation

Shan JIN, Xilian JIN, Zheng JIAO, Xing MENG

2019, 25(4):  590-596.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1948

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Using first-principle electronic structure calculations, a new alloy structure with Ca$_{0.5}$Ba$_{0.5}$MnO$_3$ (CBMO) stoichiometry is found, which possesses ferromagnetic (FM) and ferroelectric (FE) originating from Mn (6.70 $\mu $C/cm$^{2}$ in the G-type antiferromagnetic (AFM) structure and 23.214 $\mu $C/cm$^{2}$ in the FM structure). By applying a strong external magnetic field, FM properties can change dramatically, indicating a strong coupling between FM and FE properties. The large radius of Ba atom in CBMO suppresses the antiferrodistortive (AFD) mode, and enhances ferroelectricity associated with the FE mode. By comparing the whole different magnetic structures, parameters are further generated for the Heisenberg model and Monte-Carlo simulations are perpormed at finite temperatures. The simulated Néel temperature is 70 K. This study gives a candidate structure for multiferroics applications. In the meantime, it also provides theoretical references to further experimental studies in similar systems.

Killing bacteria effect of graphic carbon nanocages under laser irradiation

Chunzhe HAN, Yuliang GUO, Yang CHEN, Xin GUI

2019, 25(4):  597-603.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1953

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Graphic carbon nanocages (GCNCs) are composed of graphite shells synthesized from carbonyl iron as precursors. The GCNCs could rapidly convert laser light energy to heat under 671 nm laser irradiation. $\textit{E. coli}$ incubated with 0.1 mg/mL of GCNCs were completely killed after 15 min of 671 nm laser irradiation, while the growth of $\textit{E. coli}$ was not affected by the GCNCs without laser irradiation. As GCNCs have huge internal cavity for loading drugs, these nanomaterials may be excellent carriers for multimodal bacteria killing.

Cloning and expression vector construction of E3 ubiquitin ligase PpARI1 gene from juicy peaches

Jie YUAN, Fangwei MA, Mengyun LI, Qing CAO, Weiwei ZHENG, Sibao WAN

2019, 25(4):  604-611.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1949

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Fresh juicy peaches were used as materials, and a novel sequence of E3 ubiquitin ligase PpARI1 was obtained using a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method with the primers designed according to the predicted gene sequence of ARI1 in NCBI. The open reading frame (ORF) box of PpARI1 gene was forward recombined into pCAMBIAy1300, an efficient expression vector, between Xba I site and BamH I site. The sequencing results showed that the obtained PpARI1 was 1 764 bp with 99.83${\%}$ identity to that of the predicted gene sequence, and the ORF of PpARI1 gene was correctly inserted between the promoter and the terminator. The recombined plasmid was transformed to competent Agrobacterium cells with a heat shock method. The PCR result showed that the vector pCAMBIAy1300-PpARI1 was successfully transferred into Agrobacterium. The results would lay a foundation for further function researches of PpARI1 gene in juicy peaches.

Analysis of stability of “The Belt and Road” PPP infrastructure projects cooperation based on evolutionary game

Guanghong MA, Chengyi BAO, Erfang SHAN

2019, 25(4):  612-624.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2077

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Stability of PPP (public-private-parternship) infrastructure cooperation directly affects benefits of public sector and social capital. Based on the complexity of PPP infrastructure system and diversity of stakeholders of “The Belt and Road”, evolution game theory is used to build a tripartite model of host government, Chinese enterprises and local public to analyze the main factors influencing cooperation stability of PPP projects. Moreover, the evolution path and numerical simulation of infrastructure projects are carried on with Matlab. Research results show that the cooperation stability of PPP infrastructure projects can be improved by a higher expected investment income, effectively controlling bidding costs, strengthening the policy support from the host government, increasing international attention of PPP infrastructure and appropriately reducing social welfare and benefits to the public by host government and Chinese enterprises.

Comprehensive performance evaluation of teaching and research in universities using empirical analysis based on the non-oriental Super-SBM Model and the Malmquist Index: building World-Class Universities

Xingyu JIN, Yingzi ZHANG, Liying YU

2019, 25(4):  625-635.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2153

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Based on the non-oriental Super-SBM Model and Malmquist Index, this paper develops a comprehensive performance evaluation index for teaching and research in universities and proposes a methodology for performance evaluation. It also presents an in-depth analysis of the operational performance, both dynamically and statistically, of S University and its colleges and schools based on data from 2012 to 2015. This would provide a basis for decision making during resource allocation scientifically, and stimulate its internal motivation and development vitality to build a leading world-class university. Empirical research revealed that the performance level of teaching and research in S University was relatively high in 2015 and most colleges and schools showed valid performance appraisal, while four colleges and schools required reasonable resource allocation. For the four years from 2012 to 2015, S University maintained a good position in its teaching and research performance with no obvious distinction seen among its different colleges and schools, and with economies of scale prevailing in the teaching and research performance of its colleges. However, a slow decline in the total factor productivity index was seen in this period. Nevertheless, the findings revealed that the comprehensive performance of a university is mainly dependent on the management.

System optimization of Residence Permit Points System based on talent supply analysis

Gang LIU, Weisheng XU

2019, 25(4):  636-644.  doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2095

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The convergence and in-flow of innovative talents is a key issue for Shanghai to vigorously implement the innovation-driven development strategy and accelerate the construction of a globally influential Science and Technology Innovation Center. The Residence Permit Points System is an innovative act in Shanghai's floating population management and service system in recent years. Based on in-depth and extensive literature research, this paper adopts relevant theories in sociology and demography to put forward and analyze problems, incorporates certain management science theories into the creation of a new model, and emphasizes the combination of theoretical and empirical, qualitative and quantitative, macro and micro strategies in its effort to draft a better plan for the Residence Permit Points System and proposes several improvements on the current Shanghai Residence Permit Points System.