Journal of Shanghai University(Natural Science Edition) ›› 2016, Vol. 22 ›› Issue (4): 388-397.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2014.05.017

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Robust audio watermarking based on eigen-value decomposition

TONG Renting1, CHENG Hang1,2, ZHANG Xinpeng1   

  1. 1. School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;
    2. College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China
  • Received:2014-11-26 Online:2016-08-30 Published:2016-08-30

Abstract:

Common digital signal processing often introduces noise into audio signals and cause high-frequency distort. Meanwhile, both signal processing operations and malicious attacks may change location of watermark information. By making use of robustness of eigen-value decomposition (EVD), a blind audio watermarking algorithm is proposed. The original audio signal is divided into two parts. Binary codes for synchronization are embedded into the first part using quantization index modulation (QIM). The approximation components of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) of the second part is transformed using EVD to generate a diagonal matrix, and the watermark information is embedded into the matrix entries with QIM. Experimental results show that embedding capacity of the proposed method is as high as 172 bit/s, and it still maintains good audio quality and can tolerate a wide range of common attacks.

Key words: audio watermarking, eigen-value decomposition (EVD), high capacity, robust