室内灰尘中邻苯二甲酸酯和双酚A的污染暴露

doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.1909

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

室内灰尘含有大量的污染物, 是人体接触多种有毒物质的重要来源.对上海市区的普通居民住宅、超市、大学生宿舍和办公室中采集的97种地面灰尘样品进行研究,结果显示样品中均检出了7种邻苯二甲酸酯(phthalic acid esters,PAEs)及双酚A(bisphenol A, BPA). $\Sigma$PAEs含量为127.00$\sim $3 130.00 μg/g, 中值为542.00μg/g. 领苯二甲酸(2-乙基己基)酯(diethylhexyl phthalate,DEHP)含量为85.40$\sim $3 040.00 μg/g,远高于其他6种PAEs, 中值为399.00 μg/g;BPA含量为0.20$\sim $4.70 μg/g, 中值为0.65 μg/g.4类室内环境中$\Sigma $PAEs的中值含量依次为$c_{{\rm p4}}$(办公室)$>$$c_{{\rm p1}}$普通居民住宅$>$$c_{{\rm p3}}$(大学生宿舍)$>$$c_{{\rm p2}}$(超市),BPA的中值含量依次为$c_{{\rm b}4}$(办公室)$\approx$$c_{{\rm b}2}$(超市)$>$$c_{{\rm b}3}$(大学生宿舍)$>$$c_{{\rm b}1}$(普通居民住宅).根据灰尘中BPA和PAEs的含量估算基于灰尘摄入的日摄入量.结果表明, 1$\sim $5岁幼儿的PAEs日摄入量为2 250.00ng/kg-bw/day, BPA日摄入量为2.27 ng/kg-bw/day,均远高于成人的日摄入量.基于室内灰尘与室内大气中DEHP浓度平衡关系,利用终生致癌风险(incremental lifetime cancer risk, ILCR)模型,分别对不同性别、年龄段人群的呼吸暴露DEHP造成的潜在健康风险进行了评估,结果表明:ILCR大小按年龄段排序为$I_{3}$(成人)$>$$I_{2}$(青少年)$>$$I_{1}$(儿童),且女性略高于男性.

关键词: 邻苯二甲酸酯, 双酚A, 室内灰尘, 人体暴露, 终生致癌风险

Abstract:

The concentrations and profiles of 7 phthalate esters and bisphenol A in 97 indoor dust samples collected from urban residential houses, shopping markets, college dormitories, and offices in Shanghai. Seven phthalate esters and bisphenol A were found at detection rate of 100\% in all samples. The sum concentrations of seven phthalate compounds ranged from 127.00 to 3 130.00 μg/g, with a median value of 542.00 μg/g. DEHP is the major phthalate esters found in indoor dust samples, ranging from 85.40 to3 040.00 μg/g, with a median concentration of 399.00 μg/g. Bisphenol A ranged from 0.20 to 4.70 μg/g, with a median value of 0.65 μg/g. The concentrations of phthalate esters were found to be the highest in offices, following by residential houses, college dormitories, and shopping markets, while the concentrations of bisphenol A were found to be the highest in offices and shopping markets, following by college dormitories and residential houses. The daily intakes (DI) of phthalate esters and bisphenol A were estimated through the route of dust ingestion for various age groups. The values of DI of phthalate esters and bisphenol A were 2 250.00 and 2.27 ng/kg-bw/day, respectively for toddlers, which were relative higher than those for adults. The incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) model taking into account DEHP inhalation routes is used to quantitatively estimate the exposure risks for three age groups of female and male adults, adolescents, and children. According to the age groups, the values of ILCR in a decreasing order are as following: $I_3$(adult)$>I_2$(adolescent)$>I_1$(child), and the values of ILCR is higher for females than for males.

Key words: phthalic acid ester (PAE), bisphenol A (BPA), indoor dust, human exposure, incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR)

中图分类号:

X820

刘文龙, 王玉洁, 刘烨, 孙妍, 明红, 马静. 室内灰尘中邻苯二甲酸酯和双酚A的污染暴露[J]. 上海大学学报(自然科学版), 2019, 25(2): 282-292.

LIU Wenlong, WANG Yujie, LIU Ye, SUN Yan, WU Minghong, MA Jing. Comparative assessment of human exposure to phthalate esters and bisphenol A from different indoor dust[J]. Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）, 2019, 25(2): 282-292.

图/表 5

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