Abstract: Silicon-based anode materials, as a highly potential candidate for the next-generation anode, exhibit a theoretical specific capacity of up to 4 200 mAh$\cdot$g$^{-1}$, significantly surpassing the current commercial graphite anode materials (with a specific capacity of only 372 mAh$\cdot$g$^{-1})$. However, inherent challenges such as poor intrinsic conductivity, severe volumetric expansion, and parasitic surface reactions critically impair their cycling stability and high-rate performance. Especially, t. he unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on silicon surfaces exacerbates internal polarization, accelerates capacity degradation, and significantly limited cycle life, which have become bottlenecks restricting the commercial application of silicon-based anodes. This review systematically addresses these limitations through structural engineering and interface modification strategies, presenting novel approaches for constructing high-capacity silicon-based anodes and anticipating future research directions. This discourse systematically outlines the design principles and construction methodologies for high-energy-density silicon-based anodes. Through rigorous exploration of material science and structural engineering, this review also demonstrate novel materials, innovative techniques, and advanced protocals on silicon anodes to resolve existing limitations, enhancing the development of silicon-based anodes toward enhanced rate capability, prolonged cycle life, superior safety performance, and broader temperature range.

Key words: silicon-based anode, structural tuning, interface design