Abstract: Bone/cartilage injuries are common in orthopedics and are increasing annually. Treating these injuries is a clinical problem and is also a hot spot in regenerative medicine research. Currently, bone tissue engineering is used to construct bioactive scaffold materi-als loaded with seed cells to promote bone/cartilage repair. However, this technology lacks multi-dimensional and multi-level mechanism analysis and orderly regulation of biomateri-als in different stages of the bone/cartilage regeneration process, various cells, and specific microenvironment, and spatial bone/cartilage microenvironment characteristics cannot be effectively induced. The limited osteogenic/chondrogenic activity greatly limits its clinical repair effect. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop revolutionary research tools and technologies to mimic the structure and physiological functions of bone/cartilage in a low-cost and simple manner, to simulate the occurrence of such diseases under specific conditions, replicate pathological characteristics, and use them for pathogenesis research,to ultimately promote bone/cartilage regeneration and repair. Organoids technology offers a unique solution for regenerative medicine research. Bone/cartilage organoids is a new concept that has emerged in recent years, and domestic research is limited. This article covers the development, construction strategy, evaluation and characterization, mechanism exploration, and clinical application of bone/cartilage organoids, aiming to provide a refer-ence for scholars interested in this field, promote the clinical application of bone/cartilage organoids, improve the repair effect of bone/cartilage injuries, and provide a new interven-tion strategy for clinically promoting the orderly regeneration and repair of bone/cartilage tissue.

Key words: bone/cartilage repair, organoid, construction strategy, research progress, application prospect