Fig.1

Flow chart of ES-PSO algorithm"

Fig.2

Schematic diagram of the plane layout for secondary beam"

Fig.3

Flow chart of the optimization process"

Fig.4

Schematic diagram of the reinforcement parameters"

Fig.5

Interface of the optimization program"

Fig.6

Schematic diagram of the plane layout for ribbed floor"

Fig.7

3D view of ETABS model"

Fig.8

Schematic diagram of the plane layout for beam system"

Table 1

Integrated unit price of beam and slab"

Fig.9

Cost of the underground garage roof with different layout schemes"

Fig.10

Optimal section of beam and slab for the underground garage roof"

Table 2

Internal forces of the underground garage roof before and after optimization"

Fig.11

Structure deformation nephograms of the underground garage roof before and after optimization"

Fig.12

Cost of the floor with different layout schemes"

Fig.13

Optimal section of beam and slab for the floor"

Table 3

Internal forces of the floor before and after optimization"

Fig.14

Structure deformation nephograms of the floor before and after optimization"