研究基于物资集散区的救援车辆路径优化问题, 旨在有效利用救援系统资源, 提高救援效率. 灾害发生初期, 每个救援点物资量和车辆运输能力具有不平衡性, 针对该特点, 从建立一个物资集散区角度出发, 把所有救援点的救援车辆分为两类: 第一类车辆负责将物资从救援点运往物资集散区, 第二类车辆直接参与救援, 若救援点物资不足, 则从物资集散区获取物资以完成剩余救援任务. 基于以上分析, 以救援时间为优化目标, 建立应急救援车辆路径模型并设计对应的模拟退火算法. 算例分析表明, 所提出的优化方法结果合理, 可为实际决策提供有价值的参考.

Optimization of rescue vehicle routing based on material distribution is studied, aimed to make full use of the available resources of the rescue system, and improve rescue efficiency. In the rescue after a disaster, the amount of materials and transport capacity of each rescue point may be unbalanced. To build a material distribution area, rescue vehicles of all rescue points are divided into two categories. Those in the first category are responsible for transportation of materials from the rescue points to the material distribution area. Vehicles of the second category are responsible for the transportation of material to the affected points. If more materials are needed by vehicles of the second category, materials can be obtained from the material distribution area. Based on the this analysis, a model of emergency rescue vehicle routing is established and a simulated annealing algorithm is designed. The objective is to minimize the rescue time. A case study is given, showing that the proposed method is reasonable and can be used as a reference for the decision-making purpose.