提高了Cu含量的核反应堆压力容器(reactor pressure vessel,RPV)模拟钢样品，经过880 ℃水淬、660 ℃调质处理和400 ℃ 1 000～4 000 h的等温时效处理，观察到纳米富Cu相的析出;随后进行20%~30%冷轧变形，采用萃取复型(extraction replica,ER)和高分辨透射电镜（high resolution transmission electron microscopy,HRTEM）的方法研究纳米富Cu相的变形特征.研究结果表明，镶嵌在α-Fe基体中的纳米富Cu相，在冷轧变形时的变形机制较为复杂，存在多种变形方式.当纳米富Cu相的晶体处于有利取向时，可以跟随基体一起发生滑移变形，表现为“软”颗粒的特性；当晶体处于不利取向时，会发生孪生变形，甚至诱发马氏体相变，有时生成“轮毂辐条”状的孪晶结构，大大提高了纳米富Cu相继续变形时的抗力，表现为“硬”颗粒的特征，因而析出纳米富Cu相会产生明显的强化作用.

The nanoscale Cu-rich precipitates in reactor pressure vessel (RPV) model steel after water quenching, tempering and thermal aging at 400 ℃ has been investigated by extraction replica (ER) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Samples were coldrolled by 20%~30% after aging to study the deformation characterization of Cu-rich precipitates. The results show that the deformation characterization of the nanometer Cu-rich precipitates is complicated due to the restriction of αFe matrix. Different deformation mechanisms are detected. When the Cu-rich precipitates are located in a favorable orientation, they will be deformed by slipping together with the deformation of α-Fe matrix to show the particles of “soft” characteristic. When the Cu-rich precipitates are located in an unfavorable orientation, they will be deformed by twinning to form the spokelike twins within a Curich precipitate, even a martensitic phase transformation induced by strain. In this case, the Curich precipitates show the particles of “hard” characteristic. Therefore the precipitation hardening occurs after the formation of Cu-rich precipitates in α-Fe matrix.