铁海联运、陆海互补的运输方式逐步发展, 但在以铁路为主体的煤炭运输体系下, 仍存在衔接机制不完善、信息不畅通等问题, 影响了港口的运行效率. 通过对铁海联运场景下到港列车与出港船舶协调作业的分析, 以最小化船舶延误成本为目标, 集成卸煤、配煤、装船等港口关键作业, 建立混合整数规划模型, 再对列车调度与船舶配煤方案的联合优化问题进行分析, 并设计了一种基于变邻域搜索的启发式方法对模型进行求解. 最后, 以中国北方某煤炭港口为例, 利用不同规模的数据通过计算实验验证模型的有效性, 以期为未来煤炭港口的运营提供管理启示.

Under China’s railway-based coal transport system, railway-sea intermodal transport and land-sea complementary transport modes have gradually been developed. However, problems such as imperfect articulation mechanisms and poor information continue to affect the port’s operational efficiency. Through an in-depth analysis of the coordinated operation of trains and ships under the scenario of rail-sea intermodal transport, this study integrates key port operations such as unloading-coal distribution-loading with the goal of minimizing the cost of ship delays, establishing a mixed-integer planning model to study the co-optimization problem of train scheduling and ship coal distribution schemes in coal ports, and designing a heuristic method based on a variable neighborhood search to solve the model. Finally, this study uses a coal port in northern China as an example, conducting computational experiments using data of different sizes to verify the model’s effectiveness and provide management insights for future coal port operations.