薄膜晶体管 (thin-film transistors, TFTs) 已广泛应用于生物电子学领域, 用来检 测代谢物、核酸、蛋白质、细胞活动和电生理信号. 在新冠病毒大流行期间, 基于 TFTs 的 COVID-19 生物传感器展现出良好的性能和高应用潜力. 石墨烯场效应晶体管 (graphene field-effect transistors, GFETs)、氧化物薄膜晶体管、有机场效应晶体管 (organic field-effect transistors, OFETs) 和有机电化学晶体管 (organic electrochemical transistors, OECTs) 等 薄膜晶体管在病毒、RNA、抗原、抗体的检测中均取得了良好的结果. 总结了基于薄膜晶体管 的新冠病毒和相关生物标志物检测的生物传感器, 讨论了基于不同沟道材料晶体管的传感策 略. 最后, 对未来薄膜晶体管应用于病毒检测的研究方向提出展望.

Thin-film transistors (TFTs) are widely used in bioelectronics for application in detecting metabolites, nucleic acids, proteins, cellular activities, and electrophysiological signals. During the COVID-19 pandemic, TFT-based COVID-19 biosensors displayed excellent performances and high levels of potential for use in various applications. TFTs, such as oxide-based TFTs and graphene field-effect, organic field-effect, and organic electrochemical transistors, yielded promising results in detecting viruses, ribonucleic acid, and antigens and antibodies. This review summarizes biosensors based on TFTs for use in detecting SARS-CoV-2 and the related biomarkers and analyzes sensing strategies based on transistors with different channel materials. Finally, future directions for researches regarding the applications of TFTs in viral detection are proposed.