通过一个简便的方法, 将苯胺单体在含氯化钾 (KCl) 的盐酸溶液中聚合制备出多孔聚苯胺 (polyaniline, PANI). 以 KCl 作为形成多孔聚苯胺的赝模板, 既有效地避免了有机溶剂和硬/软模板的使用, 又减轻了对环境的污染. 由于具有独特的多孔结构和相互交错的纳米棒结构, 多孔聚苯胺的比表面积较大, 显示出良好的电化学性能. 电化学测试结果表明: 当 KCl 添加至饱和态时, 所制备的多孔聚苯胺电极表现出 800 F$\cdot$g$^{-1}$ 的高比电容, 是普通聚苯胺 (不使用 KCl 作为赝模板) 的 6 倍多, 显示出多孔聚苯胺在超级电容器方面的应用潜力.

Porous polyaniline (PANI) is prepared through an efficient and cost-effective method by polymerisation of aniline in a HCl solution containing KCl. The KCl solution serves as a pseudo-template for the formation of porous PANI, thereby avoiding the use of organic solvents and hard/soft templates and thus protecting the environment. Because of its highly porous structure and intercrossed nanorods, PANI provides a large surface area, resulting in good electrochemical performance. The porous PANI electrodes show a high specific capacitance of 800 F$\cdot$g-1 prepared with saturated KCl, which is more than six times than that of PANI prepared without KCl as the pseudo-template. Thus, synthesised PANI is an excellent electrode material for supercapacitors and is of great significance in their practical application.