河流筑坝对流域和景观尺度土地利用变化的影响——以洪家渡水库为例

doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2291

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

土地利用变化与人为干扰密切相关. 河流筑坝改变了库区周边土地利用的类型和覆盖, 影响了陆地生态系统通过内陆水体向海洋进行物质输送的过程. 以乌江六冲河洪家渡水库为例, 通过土地利用转移矩阵分析, 在流域尺度和景观尺度探讨了洪家渡水库建设对六冲河洪家渡流域内土地利用变化的影响. 结果表明: ① 在时间尺度上, 土地利用变化主要发生在蓄水后第二阶段; 蓄水后第一阶段洪家渡水库流域总体变化为耕地面积减少 91.33 km$^{2}$, 林地、草地、水体、建筑面积分别增加 26.54, 8.84, 55.51, 0.45 km$^{2}$; 蓄水后第二阶段总体变化为耕地、林地、草地面积分别减少 230.98, 30.17, 42.88 km$^{2}$, 水体、建筑面积分别增加 9.07, 295.46 km$^{2}$; ② 在空间尺度上, 土地利用变化主要集中在洪家渡水库附近, 表现为耕地面积减少、草地面积增加; 在库区景观尺度上, 洪家渡水库筑坝后淹没了不同类型的土地形成库区, 0$\sim$1 km 缓冲区范围内土地利用类型变化最大, 主要表现为水体转移为草地, 建筑转移为耕地.

关键词: 土地利用转移矩阵, 动态变化, 水库, 缓冲区, 流域

Abstract:

Land-use change is closely related to the human disturbance. Dam construction alters the land-use of a reservoir's surroundings, ultimately affecting the transport of matters from terrestrial ecosystem to the ocean through inland waters. Taking the Hongjiadu Reservoir in Wujiang River as an example, a land-use transfer matrix was applied to discuss the dam-induced change in land-use in the Hongjiadu Reservoir catchment at both the catchment scale and landscape scale. Results showed as follows. From a time scale perspective, land-use change mainly occurred in the second stage after reservoir impoundment. In the first stage, the overall change of Hongjiadu Reservoir catchment was that the cropland area decreased by 91.33 km$^{2}$, while the forest, grassland, water and urban areas increased by 26.54, 8.84, 55.51 and 0.45 km$^{2}$, respectively. In the second stage, the cropland, forest and grassland areas decreased by 230.98, 30.17 and 42.88 km$^{2}$, respectively, while water and urban areas increased by 9.07 and 295.46 km$^{2}$, respectively. At the spatial scale, the land-use change was mainly concentrated in the vicinity of Hongjiadu Reservoir, in the decrease of cropland areas and the increase of grassland areas. The land-use type changed the most within the 0-1 km buffer zone at the reservoir's landscape scale, mainly manifested as water becoming grassland and urban becoming cropland. Different land-use types were inundated to form the reservoir area after the construction of Hongjiadu dam, which with the greatest impact on the land-use change within the 0-1 km buffer zone of the reservoir.

Key words: land-use conversion matrix, dynamic change, reservoir, buffer zone, catchment

中图分类号:

TP79
F301.24

符俊杰, 王伟, 李伟, 孙君瑶. 河流筑坝对流域和景观尺度土地利用变化的影响——以洪家渡水库为例[J]. 上海大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 27(2): 260-270.

FU Junjie, WANG Wei, LI Wei, SUN Junyao. Impact of dam construction on land-use change at the catchment and landscape scale: a case study of Hongjiadu Reservoir[J]. Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）, 2021, 27(2): 260-270.

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