喀斯特地区深水型水库重金属分布特征、影响因素及来源——以龙滩水库为例

doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2289

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了揭示喀斯特地区深水型水库溶解态重金属时空变化的影响因素及来源, 选取珠江流域龙滩水库为研究对象, 分析了2019年7月和2020年1月库区分层水、汇入库区的支流表层水、下泄水的溶解态重金属, 以及2019年4月、7月、10月和2020年1月库区的水化学参数. 通过主要离子Piper图, 不同种类重金属间的Pearson相关分析、聚类分析, 环境因子与溶解态重金属间的典型对应分析(canonical correlation analysis, CCA), 发现流域碳酸盐岩风化是龙滩水库溶解态重金属的重要外部来源. 水库水体季节性热分层所导致的相对水柱稳定性(relative water column stability, RWCS)的变化是影响龙滩水库溶解态重金属时空分布的主要因素. 较高的RWCS通常会促进Cr, Cu的释放, 而较低的RWCS会促进Fe, As的释放. 该研究为了解水动力条件与溶解态重金属间的关系提供了一定的理论依据, 同时对喀斯特地区深水型水库水资源的科学利用与保护具有重要指导意义.

关键词: 深水型水库, 溶解态重金属, 相对水柱稳定性, 季节性热分层, 时空分布

Abstract:

In order to reveal the influencing factors and sources of the temporal and spatial variation of dissolved heavy metals in karst deep-water reservoirs, this paper selected Longtan Reservoir in Pearl River basin as the research object, and analysed the dissolved heavy metals in stratified water, surface water of tributaries flowing into the reservoir area and discharged water in July 2019 and January 2020, as well as the hydrochemical parameters of the reservoir area in April, July, October 2019 and January 2020. Through Piper diagram of main ions, Pearson correlation analysis among the different kinds of heavy metals, cluster analysis and canonical correlation analysis (CCA) between environmental factors and dissolved heavy metals, the results showed that the weathering of carbonate rocks in the basin was an important external source of dissolved heavy metals in Longtan Reservoir. The change in relative water column stability (RWCS) caused by the seasonal thermal stratification of reservoir water body was the main factor affecting the spatial and temporal distribution of dissolved heavy metals in the study area. Higher RWCS usually promoted the release of Cr and Cu, whereas lower RWCS promoted the release of Fe and As. This study provided a theoretical basis for exploring the relationship between hydrodynamic conditions and dissolved heavy metals, and had important guiding significance for scientific utilization and protection of water resources in karst deep-water reservoirs.

Key words: deep water reservoir, dissolved heavy metals, relative water column stability (RWCS), seasonal thermal stratification, spatio-temporal distribution

中图分类号:

X524

关天昊, 李晓东, 王亦尧, 杨梦迪, 崔高仰, 丁士元, 张雪程. 喀斯特地区深水型水库重金属分布特征、影响因素及来源——以龙滩水库为例[J]. 上海大学学报(自然科学版), 2021, 27(2): 236-249.

GUAN Tianhao, LI Xiaodong, WANG Yiyao, YANG Mengdi, CUI Gaoyang, DING Shiyuan, ZHANG Xuecheng. Distribution characteristics, influencing factors and sources of heavy metals in karst deep-water reservoirs: a case study of Longtan Reservoir[J]. Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）, 2021, 27(2): 236-249.

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