河流梯级开发对乌江中上游水体溶存N2O 释放的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2015.01.012

上海大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2015, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (03): 301-310.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2015.01.012

河流梯级开发对乌江中上游水体溶存N₂O 释放的影响

刘小龙, 汪福顺, 白莉, 李思亮, 王宝利, 刘丛强, 王中良

1. 天津师范大学天津市水资源与水环境重点实验室, 天津300387;2. 上海大学环境与化学工程学院, 上海200444;3. 中国科学院地球化学研究所环境地球化学国家重点实验室, 贵阳550002

收稿日期:2015-05-15 出版日期:2015-06-22 发布日期:2015-06-22
通讯作者: 刘小龙(1985—), 男, 助理研究员, 博士, 研究方向为环境地球化学. E-mail: liuxiaolong@inbox.com E-mail:liuxiaolong@inbox.com
作者简介:刘小龙(1985—), 男, 助理研究员, 博士, 研究方向为环境地球化学. E-mail: liuxiaolong@inbox.com
基金资助:
流域水环境生态评估与预警技术研究与工程示范项目(2012ZX07503003001); 国家自然科学基金资助项目(41302285, 41403082); 天津市科委基金资助项目(14JCQNJC08600, 14JCQNJC08800)

Impact of cascade reservoir development on N₂O emissions in the Wujiang River

LIU Xiao-long¹, WANG Fu-shun², BAI Li¹, LI Si-liang³,WANG Bao-li³, LIU Cong-qiang^3, WANG Zhong-liang¹

1. Tianjin Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Environment, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, China;
2. School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;3. State Key Laboratory of Environmental Geochemistry, Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guiyang 550002, China

Received:2015-05-15 Online:2015-06-22 Published:2015-06-22

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 当前河流筑坝导致水库释放温室气体N₂O 的问题已经引起了世界范围内的广泛关注,梯级开发河流N₂O 释放过程和机理的研究有助于准确评估河流N₂O 释放水平. 本研究选取了乌江中上游梯级开发河段, 采集了河水、库区表层水和水库下泄水样进行了相关地球化学分析. 结果显示, 乌江干流的梯级开发对水化学条件、氮化物以及N₂O 的释放产生了显著影响, 氮化物受到显著的拦截效应, N₂O 在库区附近的释放明显强于河流. N₂O 饱和度平均为347%, 均表现为大气N₂O 的释放源, 并受各水库自身库龄、营养状态和有机质等条件的影响.春夏季受水库内部氮的生物地球化学影响,具有较高的N2O释放水平. 温度、酸碱度(pH)和溶解氧(dissolved oxygen, DO)是影响N₂O 释放的关键因子, 对于库龄较老的乌江渡和东风湖来说, 有机碳埋藏和水库营养条件显著促进着N₂O 的释放, 而氮负荷水平并未表现出显著促进N₂O 的释放. 硝化作用是河流N₂O 产生的主要过程, 但是下泄水较高的NN₂O 含量说明库区底部反硝化作用具有重要的贡献. 全年河流水-气界面释放通量平均为0.33 μmol·m⁻²·h⁻¹, 下泄水的释放通量为0.64 μmol·m⁻²·h⁻¹, 水库表层水释放通量为0.43 μmol·m⁻²·h⁻¹. 与世界其他河流相比, 乌江中上游干流N₂O 的释放水平属中等水平, 主要控制因素可能是氮负荷水平和水体水化学条件. 然而, 下泄水体具有高于河流和库区表层水的释放通量, 需要引起重视.

关键词: 释放通量, 梯级开发, 氧化亚氮(N₂O), 源汇效应

Abstract: Dams affect hydrologic cycle and water environment through intercepting river water. Therefore, “impounded rivers” or river reservoirs often affect river basin environments. That has become a worldwide problem, especially the effect on N₂O emissions. This study investigates cascade reservoirs in the Wujiang River, and analyzes therelated parameters and N₂O concentrations. It has been shown that the cascade development doeshave impacts on water parameters, nitrogen loadings and N₂O emission. Saturation of N₂O averaged 347% in the entiresurface water represents a N2O source with respect to atmosphere,
under influences of age of reservoirs, nutrient status and organic matters. N₂O is emitted more in spring and summer than in winter and autumn. The key factors of influence are T, pH and DO. Organic matters and nutrient status are important in old reservoirs such as the Wujiangdu reservoir. Nitrification is a dominate process for N₂O emission in surface water. But for water in discharge, denitrification is a dominate process. The annual average N₂O fluxes were 0.33 μmol·m⁻²·h⁻¹ for river water, 0.64 μmol·m⁻²·h⁻¹ for discharge water, and 0.43 μmol·m⁻²·h⁻¹ for surface water in dams. Compared to other surface water
in the world, emission of N₂O acts as moderate emission fluxes in the Wujiang River. High concentration in discharge water should be emphasized since it contributes huge amount of N₂O emission during hydroelectric production.

Key words: cascade reservoir development, emission flux, nitrous oxide (N₂O), source-sink effect

中图分类号:

X 142

刘小龙, 汪福顺, 白莉, 李思亮, 王宝利, 刘丛强, 王中良. 河流梯级开发对乌江中上游水体溶存N₂O 释放的影响[J]. 上海大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 21(03): 301-310.

LIU Xiao-Long, WANG Fu-Shun, BAI Li, LI Si-Liang, WANG Bao-Li, LIU Cong-Jiang, WANG Zhong-Liang. Impact of cascade reservoir development on N₂O emissions in the Wujiang River[J]. Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）, 2015, 21(03): 301-310.

参考文献

[1] Houghton J, Ding Y, Griggs D, et al. Climate change 2001: the scientific basis [M]. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press, 2001.

[2] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The science of climate change [R]. NewYork: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

[3] Khalil M A K, Rasmussen R A. The global sources of nitrous oxide [J]. Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres, 1992, 971:14651-14660.

[4] Wang S L, Liu C Q, Yeager K M, et al. The spatial distribution and emission of nitrous

oxide (N2O) in a large eutrophic lake in eastern China: anthropogenic effects [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2009, 407, 3330-3337.

[5] Liu X L, Liu C Q, Li S L, et al. Spatiotemporal variations of nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions from two reservoirs in SW China [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2011, 45(31): 5458-5468.

[6] Cole J, Caraco N. Emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O) from a tidal, freshwater river, the Hudson River, New York [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2001, 35, 991-996.
[7] 王仕禄, 刘丛强, 万国江, 等. 贵州百花湖分层晚期有机质降解过程与溶解N2O 循环[J]. 第四纪研究, 2004, 24(5): 569-577.

[8] Dong L F, Nedwell D B, Colbeck I, et al. Nitrous oxide emission from some english and Welsh Rivers and estuaries [J]. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution, 2004, 4(6): 127-134.

[9] Humborg C, Conley D J, Rahm L. Silicon retention in river basins: far-reaching effects on biogeochemistry and aquatic food webs in coastal marine environments [J]. Ambio, 2000, 29(1):45-50.

[10] 刘丛强, 汪福顺, 王雨春, 等. 河流筑坝拦截的水环境响应——来自地球化学的视角[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2009, 18(4): 384-396.

[11] Wang F S, Yu Y X, Liu C Q, et al. Dissolved silicate retention and transport in cascade reservoirs in Karst area, Southwest China [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2010, 408:

1667-1675.

[12] Huttunen J, Alm J, Liikanen A, et al. Fluxes of methane, carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide in boreal lakes and potential anthropogenic effects on the aquatic greenhouse gas emissions [J]. Chemosphere, 2003, 52: 609-621.

[13] Fearnside P M. Greenhouse gas emissions from hydroelectric dams: reply to Rosa et al. [J] Climatic Change, 2006, 75: 103-109.

[14] 肖化云, 刘丛强. 氮同位素示踪贵州红枫湖河流季节性氮污染[J]. 地球与环境, 2004, 32: 71-75.
[15] Jossette G, Leporcq B, Sanchez N, et al. Biogeochemical mass-balances (C, N, P, Si) in three large reservoirs of the Seine Basin (France) [J]. Biogeochemistry, 1999, 47: 119-146

[16] 余立华, 李道季, 方涛, 等. 三峡水库蓄水前后长江口水域夏季硅酸盐、溶解无机氮分布及硅氮比值的变化[J]. 生态学报, 2006, 26(9): 2817-2826.

[17] 刘小龙, 刘丛强, 李思亮, 等. 猫跳河流域梯级水库夏季N2O 的产生与释放机理[J]. 长江流域资源与环境, 2009, 18(4): 373-378.

[18] Stow C A, Walker J T, Cardoch L, et al. N2O emissions from streams in the Neuse river watershed, North Carolina [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2005, 39(18): 6999-7004.

[19] Yu Z, Deng H, Wang D, et al. Nitrous oxide emissions in the Shanghai river network: implications for the effects of urban sewage and IPCC methodology [J]. Global Change Biology,

2013, 19: 2999-3010.

[20] Knowles R. Denitrification: microbiology and ecology [J]. Life Support & Biosphere Science, 1996, 3(1/2): 31-34.

[21] Suntharalingam P, Sarmiento J L. Factors governing the oceanic nitrous oxide distribution: simulations with an ocean general circulation model [J]. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 2000,14: 429-454.

[22] Garc´?a-Ruiz R, Pattinson S N, Whitton B A. Nitrous oxide production in the river SwaleOuse, North-East England [J]. Water Research, 1999, 33: 1231-1237.

[23] Hinshaw S E, Dahlgren R A. Dissolved nitrous oxide concentrations and fluxes from the eutrophic San Joaquin River, California [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2013, 47:

1313-1322.

[24] Xia Y, Li Y, Li X, et al. Diurnal pattern in nitrous oxide emissions from a sewage-enriched river [J]. Chemosphere, 2013, 92: 421-428.

[25] Stow C A, Walker J T, Cardoch L, et al. N2O emissions from streams in the Neuse river watershed, North Carolina [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2005, 39(18): 6999-7004.

[26] Garnier J, C´ebron A, Tallec G. Nitrogen behaviour and nitrous oxide emission in the Tidal Seine River Estuary (France) as influenced by human activities in the upstream watershed [J].Biogeochemistry, 2006, 77: 305-326.

河流梯级开发对乌江中上游水体溶存N₂O 释放的影响

Impact of cascade reservoir development on N₂O emissions in the Wujiang River

PDF

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

参考文献

相关文章 4

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

[1]	丁虎, 刘丛强, 郎赟超, 李思亮, 李晓东, 汪福顺. 河流水-气界面碳交换研究进展及趋势[J]. 上海大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 21(03): 275-285.
[2]	吴学谦, 操满, 傅家楠, 魏浩斌, 贾晓斌, 邓兵, 汪福顺. 三峡水库夏季干流、支流(草堂河)水体的二氧化碳分压及扩散通量[J]. 上海大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 21(03): 311-318.
[3]	王宝利, 刘丛强, 汪福顺, 刘小龙, 彭希, 赵颜创. 乌江梯级水库碳氮耦合的生物地球化学循环[J]. 上海大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 21(03): 294-300.
[4]	李晓东, 刘小龙, 杨周, 李亲凯, 黄俊. 嘉陵江梯级水库群溶解无机碳同位素的时空变化特征[J]. 上海大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 21(03): 286-293.