化学气相渗透工艺制备陶瓷基复合材料

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.07.049

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 综述了采用化学气相渗透(chemical vapor infiltration, CVI)工艺制备陶瓷基复合材料(ceramic matrix composites, CMCs)的模拟与可视化、柔性与鲁棒性以及强韧性控制与设计等研究的进展和趋势. 陶瓷基复合材料气相制造过程模拟涉及气体传输、反应热力学与动力学、预制体的孔隙结构建模等理论, 是一个典型的多尺度和多物理场问题. 运用量子化学、化学热力学、微观动力学、有限元、水平集和人工智能等方法, 实现了复合材料致密化过程的模拟和成分分析, 更加精准地反映了气体在多孔预制体中的各向异性传输和沉积过程, 为工艺优化提供更准确的控制参数. CVI工艺制备陶瓷基复合材料具有柔性与鲁棒性等工艺特性, 包括应用广泛性, 可控制、可调整与可设计性, 可连接与可组装性, 可纠错、可修复与可兼容性等诸多特性, 适用于陶瓷基复合材料微结构的调控, 是陶瓷基复合材料领域最先进的基础制造方法. 陶瓷基复合材料的强韧性一直是其发展中的核心问题, 增强体纤维、基体及二者界面之间的模量匹配, 以及热残余应力和纤维基体体积分数等参数的设计与控制是这个核心问题的关键. 通过合理控制与设计这些参数, 可以实现陶瓷基复合材料的强韧化控制与设计, 从而适应不同使用环境条件的需求.

关键词: 化学气相渗透, 控制与设计, 模拟与可视化, 柔性与鲁棒性, 陶瓷基复合材料

Abstract: This paper reviews the development trends, and flexible, robust and toughness control and design in the simulation and visualization of ceramic matrix composites (CMCs) manufacturing by chemical vapor infiltration (CVI) process. The gaseous route involves gas transfer, reaction thermodynamics and kinetics, and pore structure modeling, which is a typical multi-scale and multi-physics problem. Quantum chemistry, chemical thermodynamics, microscopic kinetics, finite element, the level-set and artificial intelligence methods are applied to achieve densification process simulation and composition analysis of composite materials, accurately reflect anisotropy of gas transfer in the porous preform and the deposition process, and provide more accurate control parameters for process optimization. CVI is a flexible and robust process for manufacturing CMCs. It has extensive applications and abilities in process control, adjustment, design, assemble, error-correction andcompatibility. It is suitable for microstructure control of CMCs, and is the most advanced
fundamental method for manufacturing CMCs. Strength and toughness are the core issues for CMCs, including coordination of the moduli among reinforcement fibers, matrix and inter-phases, residual thermal stresses control, and the volume fraction design for both the matrix and the fibers. Tough CMCs can be manufactured with reasonable control and design of these parameters so as to meet the requirements under different environmental
conditions.

Key words: ceramic matrix composites, chemical vapor infiltration (CVI), control and design, flexibility and robustness, simulation and visualization

中图分类号:

TB 432

成来飞, 张立同, 梅辉, 刘永胜, 曾庆丰. 化学气相渗透工艺制备陶瓷基复合材料[J]. 上海大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 20(1): 15-32.

CHENG Lai-fei, ZHANG Li-tong, MEI Hui, LIU Yong-sheng, ZENG Qing-feng. Manufacturing of CMCs by Chemical Vapor Infiltration Process[J]. Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）, 2014, 20(1): 15-32.

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