摇蚊幼虫对城市污染河流中金属铅的生物富集与响应作用

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.04.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了揭示小型底栖无脊椎动物摇蚊(Chironomus)幼虫在城市重度铅污染河流中广泛分布的原因, 对铅污染河流中的摇蚊幼虫进行实验室培养, 并将其暴露于含有不同Pb²⁺浓度的水体和沉积物环境中, 以评价摇蚊幼虫的生物铅富集能力以及对Pb²⁺ 胁迫的生理响应机制. 结果表明, 大量出现于铅污染河道中的摇蚊幼虫具有较强的Pb²⁺毒性耐受能力, 其48 h 半数致死浓度(median lethal concerntration, LC₅₀) 可达3.8 g/L. 此外, 摇蚊幼虫的铅富集能力随着环境Pb²⁺ 浓度的增加而上升, 其最大富集量出现在水体含铅量为100 mg/L 的条件下, 此时摇蚊虫体内的铅累积量可达3.76 mg/g 虫体. 对铅胁迫条件下的虫体生物酶活性变化研究发现, 相对于500 mg/kg的高浓度底泥铅污染环境, 其他浓度Pb2+条件下的虫体金属硫蛋白(metal-lothionein, MT)和超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD) 酶活性均随环境Pb²⁺ 浓度和污染暴露时间的增加而出现一个酶活性峰值, 但虫体的SOD 酶活性在500 mg/kg 底泥铅含量条件下表现出剧烈波动. 将铅污染条件下的摇蚊幼虫进行鱼类投喂, 结果显示Pb²⁺ 可在鱼类体内不同部位累积, 表现出一定的食物链传递效应. 研究结果为摇蚊幼虫的重金属铅污染耐受性及其生物响应机制提供了理论依据.

关键词: 超氧化歧化酶, 金属硫蛋白, 金属铅污染, 铅富集, 摇蚊幼虫

Abstract: Chironomus larvae, an especially abundant benthic invertebrate assemblage in heavily polluted
urban rivers in Shanghai was collected from the water body and exposed to water and sediments that artificially enriched with a range of lead (Pb) concentrations. The Chironomus larvae showed a strong ability to tolerant Pb²⁺ toxicity so that the acute toxicity values was 48 h LC50 3.8 g/L. Bioaccumulation of Pb²⁺ by the Chironomus larvae increased with the increasing concentration of Pb²⁺.The maximum bioaccumulation observed in this study was 3.76 mg/g larva, occurring under water Pb²⁺ concentration of 100 mg/L. Toxicological response of Pb²⁺ for Chironomus larvae was evaluated by two biomarkers, the metalloenzymes linked superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the metallothionein (MT). Both biomarkers reached peak values with the exposure time, except for the drastic fluctuation in SOD activity at 500 mg/kg sediments Pb²⁺ concentration. The food chain transfer of Pb²⁺ from the Chironomus larvae to freshwater farmed fish. Crucian carp (Carassius Carassius L) was investigated by feeding carps with lead-contaminated Chironomus larvae. The concentrations of tissue Pb in carp were significantly elevated above the control levels after Chironomus feeding 9 days. This study helps understand the Chironomus larva toxicological response and bioaccumulation for metal Pb(Ⅱ).

Key words: Chironomus larvae, lead (Pb) pollution, lead accumulation, metallothionein(MT), superoxide dismutase (SOD)

中图分类号:

Q 89

梁霞, 张秀云, 何池全, 刘佳苗. 摇蚊幼虫对城市污染河流中金属铅的生物富集与响应作用[J]. 上海大学学报(自然科学版), 2013, 19(4): 345-353.

LIANG Xia, ZHANG Xiu-yun, HE Chi-quan, LIU Jia-miao. Response and Bioaccumulation of Lead by Benthic Invertebrate Chironomus Larvae from a Heavily Polluted Urban River[J]. Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）, 2013, 19(4): 345-353.

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