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30 June 2012, Volume 18 Issue 3
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Communication and Information
Fusion Algorithm for Remote Sensing Images Based on lαβ Space and Non-aliasing Contourlet Transform
XU Tong-yang,FANG Yong
2012, 18(3): 221-226. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2012.03.001
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A novel image fusion algorithm based on the lαβ space and nonaliasing contourlet transform (NACT) is proposed for multispectral and panchromatic images. The multi-spectral image is first transformed into the lαβ space. The original l component and panchromatic image are decomposed into a low frequency subband image and a set of high frequency subband images by using NACT. The low frequency subband image and high frequency subband images are then fused with different fusion rules to obtain fused coefficients. Cycle spinning (CS) is introduced to reduce shiftvariance of the transform. Finally, a fused multi-spectral image with high spatial resolution is generated by inverse non-aliasing contourlet transform and inverse lαβ transform. Simulation results show that the proposed method can provide better fusion pictures than the traditional hueintensitysaturation (HIS) transform method, wavelet fusion method and contourlet transform based method.
Location Aided Routing Protocol Based on Congestion Control in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network
JIN Yan-liang,ZHANG Yong,XUE Yong,ZHANG Zhen
2012, 18(3): 227-230. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2012.03.002
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Wireless multimedia sensor network (WMSN) is an energyconstrained network. Energy issue of WMSN directly affects the network lifetime. If the location of a destination node is known, routing requests (RREQs) can reduce forwarding range of the packet, and therefore unnecessary energy consumption. Location aided routing (LAR) thus appears. This paper proposes an improved LAR (ILAR) protocol to conduct crosslayer routing design by using congestion information of the media access control (MAC) layer. Simulation results show that ILAR possesses several features such as low overall latency, small routing overhead and high throughput, which are suitable for WMSN routing protocol.
Wide Bandwidth Dual-band Bandpass Filter Based on Step Impedance Resonator
HU Jin-ping,LI Guo-hui,JING Dong-dong,WU Hui,MA Yan-zhong
2012, 18(3): 231-234. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2012.03.003
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Based on the traditional quarter wavelength step impedance resonator (SIR), a new dualband bandpass filter (BPF) with wide bandwidth is proposed. Its center frequencies are 1.90/5.65 GHz, which can be used in wireless communication systems such as GSM. The filter has a wide frequency range, with the absolute bandwidth of the first and second center frequencies being 980 and 960 MHz respectively. At 1.90 GHz, the proposed BPF has return loss less than -25 dB and insertionloss less than -0.012 dB. The BPF has better isolation between the two passband and a simple structure for easy manufacturing. Simulated frequency responses
S
11
and
S
21
of the filter agree with the measured results.
Film Source Acquisition for True 3D Volumetric Display
TIAN Feng,ZHAO Fan,CHEN Ming,ZHANG Wen-jun
2012, 18(3): 235-239. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2012.03.004
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By introducing a true 3D display model, volumetric display technique based on visual voxel is explained. To deal with the problem of massive data generation in a 3D model, acquisition of film source based on virtual structured light is proposed. Spatial data generation of the model is implemented. Simulation results provide a support to the theory for parameter design of largescale true 3D volumetric display. Experimental results show that the described method can provide colorful, high resolution film sources for true 3D volumetric display.
Extraction of Texture Features of Breast Tumor Based on Fractional Fourier Transform
ZHONG Jin1,SHI Jun1,ZHOU Shi-chong2,HU Wen-jie1
2012, 18(3): 240-245. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2012.03.005
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Fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) is a generalized form of the traditional Fourier transform, which includes information of both the time domain and the frequency domain. FrFT is used to extract phasebased features of breast tumor from ultrasound images. These features are used as input to the AdaBoost algorithm to distinguish benign tumors from malignant tumors. Experimental results indicate that the texture features extracted with the proposed FrFTbased algorithm can well classify breast tumor, and can be used in computeraided breast diagnosis.
Compact Tri-band Planar InvertedF Antenna for GSM/DCS/PCS Operation
XIANG Liang-liang,XIAO Zhong-yin,MA De-chen,WU Xiao-huan,HUANG Chun-yan,KOU Xin
2012, 18(3): 246-250. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.10072861.2012.03.006
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A newly designed compact triband PIFA for mobile devices is presented. The antenna is printed on both faces of the printed circuit board (PCB) with ε
r
=2.8. The antenna size is reduced to 160 mm2 by folding, and 4 mm in width and 40 mm in length. The antenna is fed with a 50 Ω coaxial line. The obtained bandwidth covers three bands, centered at 900 MHz for GSM, 1 800 MHz for DCS, and 1 900 MHz for PCS, respectively. A prototype antenna is fabricated and measured. The measured results are consistent with simulated results.
Field Measurement of Reflection Coefficient of Radar Absorbing Material
GUO Yin-sheng,YAN Jin-kui,XU De-ming,ZHUANG Jing
2012, 18(3): 251-255. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2012.03.007
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This paper proposes a new method for measuring reflection coefficient of radar absorbing material (RAM). This method combines the sixport reflectometer with the Hplane measuring probe, and performs calibration and data processing with Matlab. The experimental results indicate that the method is practical with precision meeting engineering requirements. The proposed method is efficient. Compared to traditional approaches, it improves measuring precision and saves time.
Mathematics.Physics and Chemistry
Legendre Triangle Spectral Element Method for the Elliptic Equation
ZHANG Shuai-yin1,MA He-ping1,WANG Li-lian2
2012, 18(3): 256-260. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2012.03.008
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The Legendre triangle spectral element method, based on a recent presented triangletorectangle mapping, is applied to the elliptic equation in complex geometry with combined boundary conditions. Numerical experiments for the problem in several different domains are given to confirm the validity of the method.
A New Algorithm for Computing the Determinant of Generalized Inverse Function Valued Padé Approximants
WU Yong-sheng1,2,GU Chuan-qing1
2012, 18(3): 261-264. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2012.03.009
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This paper caculates the determinant appearing in the construction of generalized inverse functionvalued Padé approximants. The main tools used are Arnoldi’s process for solving skewsymmetric system. Several algorithms are presented to compute the［n/2k］f(x,λ)type generalized inverse functionvalued Padé approximant. A numerical example is given to show effectiveness of the presented method.
Prediction of ProteinProtein Interactions Based on Association Rule Mining
LIN He-tong,GONG Yun-lu,QIN Dian-gang,FENG Tie-nan,WANG Yi-fei
2012, 18(3): 265-270. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2012.03.010
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Association rule (AR) mining has been successfully applied to predict proteinprotein interactions (PPIs) through protein’s primary sequence. A conjoint triad feature is used to describe amino acids. Experimental results show that the proposed method can predict PPIs with high accuracy under different classifications of Cys. The predicted results of two classifications of Cys are compared.
Ordered Defect Compound Properties and Influence on Band Offset in CuInSe
2
and CuInS
2
Solar Cells
YU Bin,XU Fei,MA Zhong-quan,ZHOU Ping-hua,SHI Jian-wei,ZHENG Ling-ling,LI Yong-hua,HONG Feng
2012, 18(3): 271-276. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2012.03.011
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The crystal structure of the ordered defect compound (ODC) CuIn
5
S
8
was established and its properties were studied and compared with CuInS
2
. Further, ZnSe and CuI were chosen as the buffer layers of CuInSe
2
and CuInS
2
solar cells respectively. The valence band offset （VBO） was calculated based on the first principle calculation. On the ZnSe/CIS interface, the valence band maximum (VBM) of CIS was higher than that of ZnS with a VBO by about 0.52 eV due to a larger p-d repulsion in CIS. On the CuI/CuInS
2
interface, VBM of CuI was lower than that of CuInS
2
with a VBO of about 0.37 eV. The p-d repulsion was much weaker in ODC compared with CuInSe
2
and CuInS
2
, resulting in a lower VBM.
Influence of Sheet Resistance on Efficiency of Multicrystalline Silicon Solar Cells
LI Peng-rong,WU Wei,MA Zhong-quan,WANG Yi-fei
2012, 18(3): 277-281. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2012.03.012
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Based on the existing largescale solar cell production process, a series of sheet resistance emitters were prepared by changing diffusion process conditions. When the emitter sheet resistance increases, shortcircuit current rises continuously, and opencircuit voltage is close to saturation near 70 Ω/□, while fill factor (FF) declines due to the increase of serial resistance under the condition that other process parameters are unchanged. Efficiency of the device reaches maximum when the emitter sheet resistance is 70 Ω/□. Based on this conclusion, this paper compares gettering effect of the emitter sheet resistance between 50 and 70 Ω/□ by photoluminescence (PL) images. PL images show that during the diffusion process of phosphorus in a silicon grain, grain boundary and dislocation, gettering effect of these regions is very obvious, and the absorbing effect of the 50 Ω/□ emitter silicon is slightly better than the 70 Ω/□ one.
Numerical Investigation of Particle Interaction with WallBounded Turbulence and Drag Reduction
TANG Yi-min,CHEN Lin-feng,DONG Yu-hong
2012, 18(3): 282-287. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2012.03.013
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This paper reports turbulence modulations and the accompanying drag reduction observed in direct numerical simulation (DNS) of particleladen channel flow. The pointforce twoway coupling model is applied to describe the interaction between the particle and the turbulence. Lagrangian tracking approach is used to describe the dynamics of particles, and derive a formula of drag coefficient from NavierStokes equations. Flow visualizations show that turbulence production can be suppressed by particles. Comparing the results of particleladen and unladen flows, the impact of the diameter and number of the particles on friction reduction are examined.
Numerical Simulation for Centrifugal Pump during Starting Period
GUO Xian-jun,CHEN Hong-xun,ZHU Bing
2012, 18(3): 288-292. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2012.03.014
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Numerical simulation of centrifugal pump during starting period requires an empirical formula for impeller rotating speed with time. This paper starts from the torque balance equation, and updates the rotational speed of impeller automatically, according to the input of a drive torque curve by secondary development of ANSYS CFX. A threedimensional model is established, which includes a centrifugal pump and the entire circulation pipeline. The starting period of centrifugal pump is then simulated. The result is compared with experimental curves, showing that they agree well in terms of qualitative trend of performance, and the method is effective. The method provides a new way of centrifugal pump simulation during starting period.
Aspect Ratio Dependence of Heat Transport by Turbulent RayleighBénard Convection in Rectangular Cells
LI Chun-mei,LIU Bo-fang,ZHOU Quan,LU Zhi-ming,LIU Yu-lu
2012, 18(3): 293-298. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2012.03.015
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This paper reports highprecision measurements of the Nusselt number Nu as a function of the Rayleigh number Ra, which in waterfilled rectangular RayleighBénard (RB) convection cells of aspect ratio （Γ
x
,Γ
y
）=（1.00，0.30）, （2.00，0.60）, （4.00，1.20）, （7.25，2.18）, （14.29，4.29） and （20.84，6.25）, over the Rayleigh number range 5.0×10
5
≤Ra≤5.6×10
10
and the Prandtl number range 5.3≤Pr≤7.0. The results show that, unlike the situation in the cylindrical cells, the turbulent heat transport in rectangular cells is nearly independent of the cells’ aspect ratios.
Computer Engineering and Science
Disaster Recovery of Data Center Systems in Banking Industry
WANG Zhong-yi,ZHAO Zheng-de
2012, 18(3): 299-304. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2012.03.016
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With the rapid development of data center construction in recent years, the importance of disaster recovery is increasingly recognized in all industries. This paper discusses the significance of data recovery for open systems in the banking industry, and introduces an index system of data and system recovery. A strategy is proposed to recover a system on the condition of onepoint error, logic error and natural disaster in order to maintain security, sustainability and reliability of the system operations.
Optimization of Neighbor Searching Problem on CUDA Based on KD-TRIE and Its Application
BAO Nan-sen1,LI Zheng-jie1,CHAI Ya-hui1,2,XU Wei-min1
2012, 18(3): 305-310. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2012.03.017
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This paper describes the construction of a KD-TRIE on CUDA, and the search and preprocessing for solving particle neighbor searching problem. The experimental results show that it is efficient to use KD-TRIE to search the CUDA when the search radius is not very large (e.g., 0.01 and 0.001 of the entire problem space diameter) and the data scale is relatively large (e.g., 10
6
). Compare to the brute force method, the speedup factor is about 5 000 to 15 000. However, if the search radius is too large, the speedup factor will drop. Various optimization methods discussed can be used to raise the speedup factor.
Material Science
Deformation Characterization of NanoScale Cu-Rich Precipitates in Reactor Pressure Vessel Model Steel
CAI Lin-ling1,2,XU Gang1,2,FENG Liu1,2,WANG Jun-an1,2,PENG Jian-chao1,2,ZHOU Bang-xin1,2
2012, 18(3): 311-316. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2012.03.018
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The nanoscale Cu-rich precipitates in reactor pressure vessel (RPV) model steel after water quenching, tempering and thermal aging at 400 ℃ has been investigated by extraction replica (ER) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). Samples were coldrolled by 20%~30% after aging to study the deformation characterization of Cu-rich precipitates. The results show that the deformation characterization of the nanometer Cu-rich precipitates is complicated due to the restriction of αFe matrix. Different deformation mechanisms are detected. When the Cu-rich precipitates are located in a favorable orientation, they will be deformed by slipping together with the deformation of α-Fe matrix to show the particles of “soft” characteristic. When the Cu-rich precipitates are located in an unfavorable orientation, they will be deformed by twinning to form the spokelike twins within a Curich precipitate, even a martensitic phase transformation induced by strain. In this case, the Curich precipitates show the particles of “hard” characteristic. Therefore the precipitation hardening occurs after the formation of Cu-rich precipitates in α-Fe matrix.
Photocatalysis Studies of Polyacrylonitrile/PolymetallicIron Oxides for Water Splitting under Visible Light
LU Qiang,LIU Yin-feng,LI Yu-guang,YANG Cheng-xia,RAN Ming-hao,YANG Hong,GU Ying,XIA Yi-ben
2012, 18(3): 317-322. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2012.03.019
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Polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/polymetalliciron oxides used as photocatalysts for water splitting were prepared by coprecipitation and impregnation methods. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed that the cyclic structures were formed in the PAN chains after heat treatment. The functional groups of PAN showed strong interactions with metal ions. According to X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterizations, iron oxides were Fe
3
O
4
cubic crystalline in the photocatalysts, and other metal ions existed as their relative oxides. Photocatalysis for water splitting into H
2
presented efficient activity and the optimum rate reached 714.3 μmol/(g·h).
Effect of Pouring Temperature on Solidification Structure of Pure Al under Pulse Magneto-Oscillation
LI Bo,YIN Zhen-xing,GONG Yong-yong,LI Ren-xing,ZHAI Qi-jie
2012, 18(3): 323-326. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2012.03.020
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Using a homebuilt electric pulse power, the refinement effects of pulse magneto-oscillation (PMO) on the solidification structure of pure aluminum were investigated under various pouring temperatures. The results show that low pouring temperature is beneficial in obtaining the right temperature field for the survival of nuclei and increasing the number of nuclei, resulting in a better refining effect.
Crystallization of Amorphous Silicon Films on Glass Substrate by Multi-cycle Rapid Thermal Annealing
YU Fan-feng,JIN Jing,SHI Wei-min,QU Xiao-lei,XU Yue-yang
2012, 18(3): 327-330. doi:
10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2012.03.021
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This paper introduces a method of multicycle rapid thermal annealing that induces crystallization of amorphous silicon films deposited on the normal glass. The structure, surface morphology and electron mobility of the silicon films were investigated with Raman spectra, atomic force microscope (AFM), UV-VIS spectrophotometer and Halleffect measurements. The results show that the crystallization appears for films annealed at 680 ℃. As rapid thermal annealing cycles are increased, the Raman spectra indicate that the characteristic peak of polycrystalline silicon (poly-Si) film appears at 500 cm
-1
. The maximal crystalline fraction of polySi film is 71.9% after 5 cycles annealing treatment. The optical band gap decreases with the grain growing, and the carrier mobility increases.
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