中文

Journal of Shanghai University >

2016 , Vol. 22 >Issue 4: 388 - 397

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2014.05.017

Robust audio watermarking based on eigen-value decomposition

Expand
  • 1. School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;
    2. College of Mathematics and Computer Science, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350108, China

Received date: 2014-11-26

  Online published: 2016-08-30

Fold

Abstract

Common digital signal processing often introduces noise into audio signals and cause high-frequency distort. Meanwhile, both signal processing operations and malicious attacks may change location of watermark information. By making use of robustness of eigen-value decomposition (EVD), a blind audio watermarking algorithm is proposed. The original audio signal is divided into two parts. Binary codes for synchronization are embedded into the first part using quantization index modulation (QIM). The approximation components of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) of the second part is transformed using EVD to generate a diagonal matrix, and the watermark information is embedded into the matrix entries with QIM. Experimental results show that embedding capacity of the proposed method is as high as 172 bit/s, and it still maintains good audio quality and can tolerate a wide range of common attacks.

Key words： audio watermarking; eigen-value decomposition (EVD); high capacity; robust

Cite this article

TONG Renting1, CHENG Hang1,2, ZHANG Xinpeng1 . Robust audio watermarking based on eigen-value decomposition[J]. Journal of Shanghai University, 2016 , 22(4) : 388 -397 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2014.05.017

References

[1] 孙圣和. 数字水印技术及应用[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2004: 388-452.
[2] 李伟, 袁一群. 数字音频水印技术综述[J]. 通信学报, 2005, 26(2): 100-111.
[3] Kirovski D, Malvar H S. Spread spectrum watermarking of audio signals [J]. IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing, 2003, 51(4): 1020-1033.
[4] Bhat V, Sengupta I. An adaptive audio watermarking based on the singular value decomposition in the wavelet domain [J]. Digital Signal Processing, 2010, 20(6): 1547-1558.
[5] Ko B S, Nishimura R. Time-spread echo method for digital audio watermarking [J]. IEEE Transactions on Multimedia, 2005, 7(2): 212-221.
[6] Khaldi K, Boudraa A O. Audio watermarking via EMD [J]. IEEE Transactions on Audio, Speech, and Language Processing, 2013, 21(3): 675-680.

[7] Chen B, Wornell G W. Quantization index modulation: a class of provably good methods for digital watermarking and information embedding [J]. IEEE Transactions on Information Theory, 2001, 47(4): 1423-1443.
[8] Lei B Y, Soon I Y. Blind and robust audio watermarking scheme based on SVD–DCT [J]. Signal Processing, 2011, 91(8): 1973-1984.
[9] Hwai T H, Ling Y H. Variable-dimensional vector modulation for perceptual-based DWT blind audio watermarking with adjust able payload capacity [J]. Digital Signal Processing, 2014, 31: 115-123.
[10] Erfani Y, Siahpoush S. Robust audio watermarking using improved TS echo hiding [J]. Digital Signal Processing, 2009, 19(5): 809-814.
[11] Pohlmann K C. 数字音频原理与应用[M]. 4版. 北京: 电子工业出版社, 2002: 213-218.
[12] Zhang J Q,Wang H X. Audio watermarking scheme resistant to both random cropping and lowpass filtering, communications [C]// 2013 International Conference on Communication, Circuits and Systems. 2013: 292-295.
[13] Wang X K, Wang P J. A norm-space, adaptive, and blind audio watermarking algorithm by discrete wavelet transform [J]. Signal Processing, 2013, 93(4): 913-922.

Options
Outlines

/

〈 〉