Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanospheres were successfully synthesized by sol-gel combination with hydrothermal treatment using octadecylamine template and tetrabutyl titanate precursor, and the effects of calcination temperature on the morphology of titanium dioxide. The results show that at the calcination temperature of 350 C, the prepared TiO2 nanospheres get the best morphology and their specific surface area can reach 159.878 m2/g, three time higher than that of Degussa P25 (54.041 m2/g). Moreover, photocatalytic properties of the TiO2 nanospheres were tested through degradation of Cr(VI) and bisphenol
A (BPA) under visible light. The results show that the TiO2 nanospheres can effectively degrade Cr(VI) and BPA in water, and the two pollutants’ degradation has synergistic effect. In addition, TiO2 nanospheres surface area determines its photocatalytic properties, and TiO2 nanospheres prepared under 350 C calcination conditions have optimal photocatalytic.
[1] Yu J G, Wen L, Yu H G. A one-pot approach to hierarchically nanoporous titania hollow microspheres with high photocatalytic activity [J]. Crystal Growth & Design, 2008, 8: 930-934.
[2] Garadkar K M, Shirke B S, Hankare P P. Low cost nanostructured anatase TiO2 as a H2S gas sensor synthesized by microwave assisted technique [J]. Sensor Letters, 2011, 9(2): 526-532.
[3] Fujishima A, Rao T N, Tryk D A. Titanium dioxide photocatalysis [J]. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology C: Photochemistry Reviews, 2000, 1(1): 1-21.
[4] Fujishima A, Hashimoto K, Iyoda T, et al. Titanium dioxide photocatalyst: US, 6939611 [P]. 2002-05-04.
[5] Fujishima A, Zhang X. Titanium dioxide photocatalysis: present situation and future approaches [J]. Comptes Rendus Chimie, 2006, 9(5/6): 750-760.
[6] Wang H E, Zheng L X, Liu C P, et al. Rapid microwave synthesis of porous TiO2 spheres and their applications in dye-sensitized solar cells [J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, 2011, 115(21): 10419-10425.
[7] 王艳丽, 谈顺, 吴秋霞, 等, 二氧化钛纳米管作为肿瘤药物载体系统的体外负载及释放[J]. 上海大学学报: 自然科学版, 2010, 16(6): 582-586.
[8] Kumar S G, Devi L G. Review on modified TiO2 photocatalysis under UV/visible light: selected results and related mechanisms on interfacial charge carrier transfer dynamics [J]. J
Phys Chem A, 2011, 115(46): 13211-13241.
[9] Yamazaki S, Mori T, Katou T, et al. Photocatalytic degradation of 4-tert-octylphenol in water and the effect of peroxydisulfate as additives [J]. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry, 2008, 199(2/3): 330-335.
[10] Shang J, Zhao FW, Zhu T, et al. Photocatalytic degradation of rhodamine B by dye-sensitized TiO2 under visible-light irradiation [J]. Science China Chemistry, 2011, 54(1): 167-172.
[11] Pelaez M, Nicholas T N, Suresh C P, et al. A review on the visible light active titanium dioxide photocatalysts for environmental applications [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental,
2012, 125: 331-349.
[12] Peng T, Zhao D, Dai K, et al. Synthesis of titanium dioxide nanoparticles with mesoporous anatase wall and high photocatalytic activity [J]. J Phys Chem B, 2005, 109(11): 4947-4952.
[13] Kim D S, Han S J, Kwak S Y. Synthesis and photocatalytic activity of mesoporous TiO2 with the surface area, crystallite size, and pore size [J]. J Colloid Interface Sci, 2007, 316(1): 85-91.
[14] Wang L, Wang N, Zhu L, et al. Photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) over different TiO2 photocatalysts and the effects of dissolved organic species [J]. J Hazard Mater, 2008, 152(1): 93-99.
[15] Chen Y, Stathatos E, Dionysiou D D. Microstructure characterization and photocatalytic activity of mesoporous TiO2 films with ultrafine anatase nanocrystallites [J]. Surface and Coatings Technology, 2008, 202(10): 1944-1950.
[16] Tang J, Yin P, Lu X H, et al. Development of mesoporous TiO2 microspheres with high specific surface area for selective enrichment of phosphopeptides by mass spectrometric analysis [J]. J Chromatogr A, 2010, 1217(15): 2197-205.
[17] Bae S T, Shin H, Jung H S, et al. Synthesis of titanium carbide nanoparticles with a high specific surface area from a TiO2 core-sucrose shell precursor [J]. Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 2009, 92(11): 2512-2516.
[18] Ermokhina N I, Nevinskiy V A, Manorik P A, et al. Synthesis of large-pore mesoporous nanocrystalline TiO2 microspheres [J]. Materials Letters, 2012, 75: 68-70.
[19] Zhou M, Yu J, Cheng B. Effects of Fe-doping on the photocatalytic activity of mesoporous TiO2 powders prepared by an ultrasonic method [J]. J Hazard Mater, 2006, 137(3): 1838-1847.
[20] Li G, Dimitrijevic N M, Chen L, et al. Role of surface/interfacial Cu2+ sites in the photocatalytic activity of coupled CuO-TiO2 nanocomposites [J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry
C, 2008, 112(48): 19040-19044.
[21] 沈嘉年, 刘东, 方斌, 等. 过渡金属掺杂的多孔二氧化钛薄膜电极光催化氧化技术[J]. 上海大学学报: 自然科学版, 2008, 14(5): 475-480.
[22] Liu G M, Li X Z, Zhao J C. Photooxidation pathway of sulforhodamine-B dependence on the adsorption mode on TiO2 exposed to visible light radiation [J]. Environmental Science &
Technology, 2000, 34(18): 3982-3990.
[23] Chen C C, Li X H, Ma W H, et al. Effect of transition metal ions on the TiO2-assisted photodegradation of dyes under visible irradiation: a probe for the interfacial electron transfer
process and reaction mechanism [J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2002, 106(2): 318-324.
[24] Li X Z, Li F B. Study of Au/Au3+-TiO2 photocatalysts toward visible photooxidation for water and wastewater treatment [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2001, 35(11): 2381-2387.
[25] Kim S, Choi W Y. Dual photocatalytic pathways of trichloroacetate degradation on TiO2: effects of nanosized platinum deposits on kinetics and mechanism [J]. The Journal of Physical
Chemistry B, 2002, 106(51): 13311-13317.
[26] Paul T, Miller P L, Strathmann T J. Visible-light-mediated TiO2 photocatalysis of fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents [J]. Environmental Science & Technology, 2007, 41(13): 4720-
4727.
[27] Kim S, Choi W. Visible-light-induced photocatalytic degradation of 4-chlorophenol and phenolic compounds in aqueous suspension of pure titania: demonstrating the existence of a surfacecomplex-mediated path [J]. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, 2005, 109(11): 5143-5149.
[28] Wang N, Zhu L H, Huang Y P, et al. Drastically enhanced visible-light photocatalytic degradation of colorless aromatic pollutants over TiO2 via a charge-transfer-complex path: a correlation between chemical structure and degradation rate of the pollutants [J]. Journal of Catalysis, 2009, 266(2): 199-206.
[29] Wang N, Zhu L H, Deng K J, et al. Visible light photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) on TiO2 in situ modified with small molecular weight organic acids [J]. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, 2010, 95(3/4): 400-407.
