33 macrobenthos including 23 mollusks, 7 annelids and 3 arthopods were recorded from 70 sample stations in upper Ganjiang River basin during June and July in 2009. The dominant species were Corbicula flumineaand Rivularia auriculata. According to the confluence and habitat of branches, upper Ganjiang River basin was divided into 6 areas for understanding the distribution characteristics of macrobenthos community. Analyses on diversity, multidimensional scaling and other factors indicate that the different areas have different structures of macrobenthos community. However, among all 6 areas, the area with the least anthropogenic disturbance had the largest number of species, the highest abundance and biomass, the highest ShannonWiener diversity index and Pielou evenness index. 