Lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries have been considered as one of the most promising systems for next-generation high-energy rechargeable Li batteries owing to their high theoretical energy density, safe operation, cost effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. However, the shuttle effect of polysulfide in the charge-discharge process of Li–S battery degrades its performance in a long-term cycle. MXene-based materials possess excellent electrical conductivity and high specific surface area, which can effectively avoid the shuttle effect of polysulfide owing to their enhanced chemical adsorption capacity and catalytic conversion ability, thereby improving the cycle stability and magnification performance of Li–S batteries. This paper briefly describes the advantages of using MXene-based materials in Li–S batteries, summarises the application status of MXene-based composites in the positive electrodes and separators of Li–S batteries, and the influence of MXene-based materials on the shuttle effect of Li–S batteries. Finally, the future research direction of MXene-based materials in the field of Li–S batteries is prospected.