Based on the multilayer-mesh lattice Boltzmann method (LBM), an information transfer optimization algorithm using a single-layer buffer without time interpolation is developed in this study. The algorithm uses a quadtree structure to construct the parent–child relationship between lattice points at different neighboring levels of mesh, simplifies the transformation of distribution function on the interface of coarse and fine meshes, and fully exploits the locality and parallelism of LBM. A general parallel program of the multilayer-mesh LBM is developed to simulate lid-driven cavity flow, point sound source diffusion, and flow around an NACA0012 airfoil. Numerical results show that the developed algorithm and program are very effective and exhibit excellent speedup, efficiency, and scalability. Compared with the standard LBM, the multilayer-mesh LBM with a single-layer buffer has obvious advantages in terms of computational stability, convergence speed, and computational efficiency.