Fast and accurate quantum state preparation and manipulation are important Tasks in the field of quantum information processing and solid-state-based quantum computing. In recent years, “shortcuts to adiabaticity” have been widely used in atom cooling, transfer, and other quantum information processing Tasks to accelerate slow adiabatic processes. In this study, fast, robust control schemes for electron quantum states in different semiconductor quantum dot systems are reviewed using shortcuts to adiabaticity. The different methods include invariant-based inverse engineering and transitionless quantum driving. The various protocols and effects of environmental decoherence and other system factors on quantum state manipulation are analysed.