通过分析事件相关电位, 比较情景修正与认知重评策略对负性情绪刺激加工产生的不同影响. 选取20名大学生分别进行了简单注视负性、简单注视中性、 情景修正负性和认知重评负性图片的实验; 采用国际情绪图片系统的场景图片作为实验刺激材料, 记录头皮脑电. 实验结果表明: 情景修正与认知重评策略在调节负性情绪时都能有效地降低情绪体验; 与简单注视负性相比, 情景修正负性图片对晚期正电位(late positive potential, LPP)的调制作用出现的较早, LPP大约在刺激后800 ms阶段开始显著下降, 并且持续到刺激结束; 相比情景修正策略, 认知重评负性图片对LPP的调制作用出现的相对较晚, 只发生在中期1 600$\sim $3 200 ms阶段. 可见, 情景修正策略是一种有效的情绪调节方式, 与认知重评相比 情景修正策略能够更早地影响到情绪产生的轨迹(emotion-generative trajectory); 进一步丰富情绪调节动态模型可以为情绪调节策略的研究提供一定的参考价值.

In this study, event-related potential was used to investigate different modulation effects of the strategies of situation modification and cognitive reappraisal on the processing of negative emotional stimuli. Twenty female under graduate participants were instructed to perform four tasks: viewing neutral pictures, viewing negative pictures, modification of negative pictures and reappraisal of negative pictures. Scene pictures from an international affective picture system were used as stimulus materials. Electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded from 32 scalp electrodes in the whole process. The late positive potential (LPP) grand average waveforms were analyzed off-line. The following observations were made. 1) Negative emotional experiences were significantly reduced after situation modification and cognitive reappraisal. 2) The modulation effect of situation modification on LPP appeared earlier than viewing of negative pictures. A significant decrease in LPP started at about 800 ms after stimulus onset. 3) Reappraisal began to modulate LPP on 1 600---3 200 ms. These results suggest that situation modification strategy is an effective way to modulate negative emotion. It is inferred that modification strategy intervenes in the emotion-generative trajectory earlier than the reappraisal demonstrated by the earlier modulation of LPP. This study enriches the dynamic model of emotion regulation, and provides evidence for emotional regulation strategy.