收稿日期: 2015-04-09
网络出版日期: 2017-02-28
基金资助
国家自然科学基金资助项目(21477072)
Pollution characteristics, source identification and health risk assessment of PAHs in road dust
Received date: 2015-04-09
Online published: 2017-02-28
采用网格布点法在上海中心城区采集了夏冬两季112 个道路灰尘样品, 用以评估上海市中心城区道路灰尘中多环芳烃(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, PAHs) 的浓度水平及其对人体健康的潜在影响, 同时定性解析了路面灰尘中多环芳烃的来源. 着重分析了美国环保署优先控制的16 种多环芳烃, 测得夏季PAHs 浓度范围为0.817~21.800 μg/g, 平均值为10.400 μg/g; 冬季
PAHs 浓度范围为4.08~59.90 μg/g, 平均值为23.70 μg/g. 对于功能区差异的研究显示, 冬夏两季PAHs高值均出现在交通枢纽、施工区和商业区等区域, 而低值则出现在近江区、空旷区和近绿地区等区域, 且冬季
PAHs 浓度与人口密度有一定的相关性.通过特征比值法解析来源, 发现夏冬两季道路灰尘中PAHs 的主要来源存在一定的差异. 而健康风险评估显示, 虽道路灰尘中多环芳烃不具有潜在致癌风险, 但也存在一定的危害人体健康风险. 此外, 冬季道路灰尘中PAHs 的终生致癌风险(incremental lifetime cancer risk, ILCR)明显高于夏季, 且灰尘中PAHs 对成年人的终生致癌风险高于儿童.
李红, 沈鑫豪, 王玉洁, 唐量, 吴明红, 马静 . 道路灰尘中多环芳烃的污染特征、来源解析及其健康风险评估[J]. 上海大学学报(自然科学版), 2017 , 23(1) : 101 -111 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2015.03.017
A total of 112 road dust samples from Shanghai urban areas were collected with a mesh point method to investigate road dust in Shanghai. Levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their potential risks to human health were assessed, and source contributions to road dust PAHs were identified. This paper is focused on 16 the United States Environmental Protection Agency priority PAHs, concentrations of PAHs in summer samples ranging from 0.817 ng/g to 21.800 μg/g with a mean of 10.400 μg/g, and in winter samples ranging from 4.08 μg/g to 59.90 μg/g with a mean of 23.70 μg/g.
Difference of PAHs in road dust samples taken from functional areas between summer and winter shows that the total PAH concentrations at transportation hubs, construction areas and commercial districts are high, while offshore region , green areas and open territory have a low level. Differences exist in main sources of road dust in summer and winter using a characteristic ratio method. However, the health risk assessment for both children and adults exposed to road dust in summer and winter indicates that Cancer risk is less than 10−6, without posing a potential cancer threat. In addition, the incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) of PAHs in road dust in winter is significantly higher than that in summer, and ILCR of PAHs in road dust for adults is higher than for children.
[1] Okona-Mensah K B, Battershill J, Boobis A, et al. An approach to investigating the importance of high potency polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the induction of lung cancer by air pollution [J]. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2005, 43(7): 1103-1116.
[2] Menzie C A, Potocki B B, Santodonato J. Exposure to carcinogenic PAHs in the environment[J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 1992, 26(7): 1278-1284.
[3] Nebebert D W, Dalton T P, Okey A B, et al. Role of aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated induction of the CYP1 enzymes in environmental toxicity and cancer [J]. Biological Chemistry, 2004, 279(23): 23847-23850.
[4] Keller J, Lamprecht R. Road dust as an indicator for air pollution transport and deposition: an application of SPOT imagery [J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 1995, 54(1): 1-12.
[5] Peng C, Chen W P, Liao X L, et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban soils of Beijing: status, sources, distribution and potential risk [J]. Environmental Pollution, 2011, 159: 802-808.
[6] Chang Y M, Chou C M, Su K T, et al. Effectiveness of street sweeping and washing for controlling ambient TSP [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2005, 39: 1891-1902.
[7] Hofmann E J, Latimer J S, Hunt C D, et al. Urban runoff as a source of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to coastal waters [J]. Environmental Science and Technology, 1984, 18: 580-587.
[8] Wang X T, Miao Y, Zhang Y, et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in urban soils of the megacity Shanghai: occurrence, source apportionment and potential human health risk[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2013, 447: 80-89.
[9] Martuzevicius D, Kliucininkas L, Prasauskas T, et al. Resuspension of particulate matter and PAHs from street dust [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2011, 45: 310-317.
[10] Bris F J, Gamaud S, Apperry N, et al. A street deposit sampling method for metal and hydrocarbon contamination assessment [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 1999, 235(1/2/3): 211-220.
[11] Jiang Y F, Hu X F, Uwamungu J Y, et al. Status, source and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in street dust of an industrial city, NW China [J]. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2014, 106: 11-18.
[12] Liu S D, Xia X H, Yang L Y, et al. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban soils of different land uses in Beijing, China: distribution, sources and their correlation with the city’s urbanization history [J]. Hazardous Materials, 2010, 177(1/2/3): 1085-1092.
[13] Yu B B, Xie X J, Lena Q, et al. Source, distribution, and health risk assessment of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban street dust from Tianjin, China [J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2013, 21(4): 2817-2825.
[14] Yunkerr M B, Macdonald R W, Goyette D, et al. Natural and anthropogenic inputs of hydrocarbons to the strait of Georgia [J]. Science of the Total Environment, 1999, 225(3): 181-209.
[15] Dong T T T, Lee B K. Characteristics, toxicity, and source apportionment of polycylic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in road dust of Ulsan, Korea [J]. Chemosphere, 2009, 74: 1245-1253.
[16] Wang Y, Zhang X Y, Huang K, et al. The ion chemistry, seasonal cycle, and sources of PM2.5 and TSP areosol in Shanghai [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2006, 40: 2935-2952.
[17] 吴明红, 陈镠璐, 陈祖怡, 等. 多环芳烃在上海近郊大气颗粒物(PM2.5和PM10)中的污染特征、来源及其健康风险评估[J]. 上海大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 20(4): 521-530.
[18] Smith D J T, Edelhausere C , Harrison R M. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations in road dust and soil samples collected in the United Kingdom and Pakistan [J]. Environment Technology, 1995, 16: 45-53.
[19] 李新荣, 赵同科, 刘宝存, 等. 官厅水库周边蔬菜地表土中多环芳烃的污染[J]. 环境科学学报, 2010, 30(7): 1492-1498.
[20] Collins J F, Brown J P, Alexeeff G V, et al. Potency equivalency factors for some polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon derivatives [J]. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology, 1998, 28(1): 45-54.
[21] Liu M, Cheng S B, Ouyang D N, et al. Characterization, identification of road dust PAHs in Central Shanghai Areas, China [J]. Atmospheric Environment, 2007, 41(38): 8785-8795.
/
| 〈 |
|
〉 |
