单向和双向行人流经过通道瓶颈的实验

杨雪, 陈立, 田欢欢, 董力耘

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2014.04.008

上海大学学报(自然科学版) >

2015 , Vol. 21 >Issue 03: 356 - 363

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2014.04.008

数理化科学

单向和双向行人流经过通道瓶颈的实验

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1. 上海大学上海市应用数学和力学研究所, 上海200072;2. 上海市力学在能源工程中的应用重点实验室, 上海200072;3. 玉林师范学院物理科学与工程技术学院, 广西玉林537000

董力耘(1971—), 男, 副教授, 博士, 研究方向为交通流动力学等. E-mail: dly@shu.edu.cn

收稿日期: 2014-03-02

网络出版日期: 2015-06-22

基金资助

国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)资助项目(2012CB725404); 国家自然科学基金资助项目(11172164)

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Experiments of unidirectional and bidirectional pedestrian flows through a bottleneck in a channel

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1. Shanghai Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Shanghai University,Shanghai 200072, China;2. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Mechanics in Energy Engineering, Shanghai 200072, China;3. College of Physical Science and Technology, Yulin Normal University, Yulin 537000, Guangxi, China

Received date: 2014-03-02

Online published: 2015-06-22

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摘要

通过实验研究了人群经过通道瓶颈时的自组织现象. 采用不同的瓶颈宽度和初始分布,分别进行了单向和双向行人流通过瓶颈的实验, 发现了瓶颈前人群呈类扇形的聚集形态、行人侧身通过狭窄瓶颈和振荡流等现象. 产生该现象的原因是由于行人具有同向跟随、异向避让的行为特征. 另外, 探讨了单向和双向实验在协同性、流量、单位宽度流量等方面的异同. 研究发现: 随着瓶颈宽度的增加, 流量随之增加; 单向实验的单位宽度流量先下降后增大, 而双向实验的单位宽度流量持续下降; 当瓶颈宽度小于肩宽时, 单向流的效率最高, 而当瓶颈宽度略大于肩宽时, 双向流的效率高于单向流.

关键词： 单向流; 瓶颈; 双向流; 行人流

本文引用格式

杨雪, 陈立, 田欢欢, 董力耘 . 单向和双向行人流经过通道瓶颈的实验[J]. 上海大学学报(自然科学版), 2015 , 21(03) : 356 -363 . DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2014.04.008

Abstract

The self-organization phenomena of pedestrian flow through a bottleneck in a channel are investigated by experiments. Different width of bottlenecks and initial distributions are taken into account. Experiments of unidirectional and bidirectional pedestrian flows through bottlenecks are carried out. Typical characteristics of pedestrian flows are observed, such as fan-shaped aggregation in front of the bottleneck, and sidling through the narrow bottleneck and oscillatory flows. These are formed because of the pedestrian behaviors i.e., following other people walking in the same direction and avoiding conflicts with those in an opposite direction. Similarities and differences between unidirectional and bidirectional pedestrian flows are discussed in the following aspects: coordination of pedestrians, flow and specific flow. It is found that the flow increases with the width of bottleneck in both cases. The specific flow in the bidirectional case deceases monotonously with the width of bottleneck. However, the specific flow in the unidirectional case decreases first, and then increases. When the width of the bottleneck is less than the shoulder-width, the unidirectional pedestrian flow is more efficient. However, the efficiency of walking in the case of bidirectional flows is higher than unidirectional flows when the bottleneck width is slightly larger than the shoulder-width.

Key words： bidirectional flow; bottleneck; pedestrian flow; unidirectional flow

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