通过分析拟合广西梧州市中心城区无信号交叉口的实测数据, 研究了行人的过街决策行为和过街速度, 并在此基础上, 引入了行人决策距离和临界安全距离两个概念. 实测数据表明, 交通平常期行人过街速度在平均速度附近变化: 如果考虑行人在路边的等待时间, 行人的平均过街速度为0.6 m/s; 如果不考虑行人在路边的等待时间,行人的平均过街速度为0.8 m/s. 经统计学D’Agostino法检验发现,交通平常期行人过街的平均速度分布不满足正态分布.
This paper conducts a set of field measurements to obtain data of decision-making behavior and crossing speed of pedestrians at an intersection without traffic lights in downtown Wuzhou, Guangxi. The concepts of decision-making distance and critical safety distance are introduced through analysis and fitting of statistical data. The observed data show that pedestrians’ crossing speed at off-peak hour fluctuates around the mean speed and does not perfectly obey the normal distribution based on the D’Agostino test. The mean speed at off-peak hour is only 0.6 m/s when the waiting time is counted, whereas it is 0.8 m/s without considering the waiting time.
[1] Schadschneiner A, Klingsch W, Kl¨upfel H, et al. Evacuation dynamics: empirical results, modeling and applications [C]//Encyclopedia of Complexity and Systems Science. 2009: 3142-3176.
[2] Helbing D, Moln´ar P. Social force model for pedestrian dynamics [J]. Phys Rev E, 1995, 51(5): 4282-4286.
[3] Hughes R L. The flow of large crowds of pedestrians [J]. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 2000, 53: 367-370.
[4] Blue V, Adler J. Cellular automata micro simulation of bidirectional pedestrian flows [J]. Transportation Research Record, 1999, 1678: 135-141.
[5] Chowdhury D, Santen L, Schadschneider A. Statistical physics of vehicular traffic and some related systems [J]. Physics Reports, 2000, 329(4/5/6):199-329.
[6] Schadschneider A. Traffic flow: a statistical physics point of view [J]. Physica A, 2002, 313: 153-187.
[7] Henderson L F. The statistics of crowd fluids [J]. Nature, 1971, 229: 381-383.
[8] Yang J G, Deng W, Wang J M, et al. Modeling pedestrians’ road crossing behavior in traffic system micro-simulation in China [J]. Transportation Research Part A, 2006, 40: 280-290.
[9] Lam W H K, Lee J Y S, Cheung C Y. A study of the bi-directional pedestrian flow characteristics at Hong Kong signalized crosswalk facilities [J]. Transportation, 2002, 29: 169-192.
[10] Li Q F, Wang Z A, Yang J G, et al. Pedestrian delay estimation at signalized intersections in developing cities [J]. Transportation Research Part A, 2005, 39: 61-73.
[11] 陈然,董力耘.中国大都市行人交通特征的实测和初步分析[J].上海大学学报:自然科学版, 2005, 11(1): 93-97.
[12] Transportation Research Board. Highway capacity manual 2000 [M]. Washington DC: National Research Council, 2000.
[13] Lee J Y S, Lam W H K. Simulating pedestrian movements at signalized crosswalks in Hong Kong [J]. Transportation Research Part A, 2008, 42: 1314-1325.
[14] 梁春岩, 杨文学, 倪铁山, 等. 行人交通流模型研究[J]. 吉林建筑工程学院学报, 2009, 26(3): 15-19.
[15] 梁小筠. 正态性检验[M]. 北京: 中国统计出版社, 1997: 105-106.
