纳米材料具有独特的物理化学性质,如小尺寸效应、巨大比表面积、极高的反应活性、量子效应等，这些特性使纳米科学成为当今世界三大支柱科学(生命科学、信息科学、纳米科学)之一.随着纳米技术的产业化, 各种形式的纳米尺度的物质已经以不同途径进入人们的生活，纳米材料的生物安全性问题正受到世界各国科学家的广泛关注.介绍纳米材料生物安全性研究的重要性，系统讨论本课题组在纳米金属氧化物和碳纳米材料生物安全性研究领域的一系列成果，并展望将来的研究重点.

Nanomaterials have unique physical and chemical properties such as small size effect, large surface area, high reactivity, and quantum effects. These features make the nanoscience as one of the three pillars of the world science (life science, information science, nanoscience). With the industrialization of nanotechnology, various forms of nanoscale materials have came into human life in different ways, and biosafety of nanomaterials are increasingly attracting attention of scientists around the world. This article emphasizes the importance of biosafety of nanomaterials, systemically discusses the research accomplishments in biosafety of metal oxides and carbon nanomaterials, and provides the prospects of this field.