为评价高性能纤维在极端环境下的耐久性,对比了芳杂环聚酰胺(芳纶Ⅲ)纤维和聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑(poly-p-phenylene benzobisoxazole,PBO)纤维在质量分数为30%的硫酸和氢氧化钠溶液中的耐老化行为.实验设置25和80℃两种温度条件,系统分析了PBO纤维在酸碱环境下的性能退化规律及内在机理.结果表明:PBO纤维的耐酸碱性能优于芳纶Ⅲ纤维;温度升高会显著加快老化速率,80℃条件下的性能衰减程度远大于25℃;酸性环境(H2SO4)对PBO纤维的腐蚀程度大于碱性环境(NaOH).芳纶Ⅲ纤维的酰胺键易发生水解,PBO纤维的苯并噁唑环结构赋予其更高的化学稳定性.研究结果能为化工防护、高温过滤等环境中的纤维材料选型提供重要依据.
To evaluate the durability of high-performance fibers in extreme environments, this study compared the aging resistance behaviors of heteroaromatic polyamide fiber (aramid Ⅲ) and poly-p-phenylene benzobisoxazole (PBO) fiber in 30% (mass fraction) sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions. Experiments were conducted under two temperature conditions (25 ℃ and 80 ℃) to systematically analyze the performance degradation laws and intrinsic mechanisms of PBO fiber in acidic and alkaline environments. The results show that PBO fiber exhibits superior acid and alkali resistance compared to aramid Ⅲ fiber. Elevated temperature significantly accelerates the aging rate, with the degree of performance degradation at 80 ℃ being much greater than that at 25 ℃. The corrosive effect of the acidic environment (H2SO4) on PBO fiber is more severe than that of the alkaline environment (NaOH). The amide bonds in aramid Ⅲ fiber are prone to hydrolysis, while the benzoxazole ring structure of PBO fiber endows it with higher chemical stability. The research findings provide important references for fiber material selection in applications such as chemical protection and high-temperature filtration.
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