随着建筑行业对环境可持续性的日益重视,大型建筑基坑支撑结构设计中的碳排放问题已成为一个不容忽视的关键问题.传统设计虽然强调成本效益,但往往缺乏对环境性能的考虑.提出了一种基于建筑信息模型(building information modeling,BIM)的增强约束方法,并将其集成至NSGA-Ⅱ框架,以实现基坑支护结构设计的多目标优化.首先,构建了基坑支护体系的碳排放计算准则,明确了计算的边界条件(涵盖建材的生产、运输、施工、拆除及回收等生命周期阶段);其次,在此基础上提出了一种增强约束方法,将设计规范转化为定量约束条件,并与NSGA-Ⅱ算法相结合,通过BIM平台提取结构信息,提升优化过程的精确性和可操作性;最后,针对2个典型基坑支护案例进行分析,以验证该方法的有效性和适用性.通过对2个基坑支护案例的研究分析可知,与传统设计相比该算法在成本和碳排放方面有明显改善,其设计在成本优化及碳性能优化设计的效率方面分别提高了40.9%和30.1%、25.3%和20.9%,为基坑支护结构设计提供了更加科学有效的优化方法.
With increasing emphasis on environmental sustainability in the construction industry, carbon emissions in the design of large-scale foundation pit strut systems has become a critical issue that must be taken into account. While traditional designs prioritize cost-effectiveness, they often lack consideration of environmental performance. This paper proposes a building information modeling (BIM)-based enhanced constraint method and integrates it into the NSGA-Ⅱ framework to achieve multi-objective optimization of foundation pit strut design. First, carbon emission calculation criteria for foundation pit support systems are established, and the boundary conditions are defined, covering life-cycle stages including material production, transportation, construction, demolition, and recycling. On this basis, an enhanced constraint method is proposed to transform design codes into quantitative constraint conditions and combine them with the NSGA-Ⅱ algorithm. Structural information is extracted through a BIM platform to improve the accuracy and practicality of the optimization process. Finally, two typical foundation pit support cases are analyzed to verify the effectiveness and applicability of the proposed method. Compared with traditional designs, the optimization algorithm demonstrates significant improvements in both cost efficiency and carbon emission reduction. Specifically, cost optimization efficiency and carbon performance improve by 40.9% and 30.1%, and by 25.3% and 20.9%, respectively, in the two cases. This approach provides a more scientific and effective optimization methodology for foundation pit strut structural design.
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