静电纺丝法制备多级孔纳米纤维吸附膜及其在海水提铀中的应用

唐文翔; 胡士国; 赵延琴; 张建桥; 刘佳祥; 李继香

doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2660

上海大学学报(自然科学版) >

2025 , Vol. 31 >Issue 3: 420 - 432

DOI: https://doi.org/10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2660

材料科学

静电纺丝法制备多级孔纳米纤维吸附膜及其在海水提铀中的应用

唐文翔 ,
胡士国 ,
赵延琴 ,
张建桥 ,
刘佳祥 ,
李继香

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1. 中国科学院上海高等研究院, 上海 200120;
2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049

收稿日期: 2025-02-06

网络出版日期: 2025-07-22

基金资助

国防科工局核技术研发科研基金资助项目(科工二司[2022]1008号);中国海水提铀技术创新联盟创新发展基金资助项目(CNNC-HSTY-2024-015,CNNC-CXLM-202205)

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Preparation of a hierarchically porous nanofiber adsorption membrane by electrostatic spinning and its application in uranium extraction from seawater

TANG Wenxiang ,
HU Shiguo ,
ZHAO Yanqin ,
ZHANG Jianqiao ,
LIU Jiaxiang ,
LI Jixiang

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1. Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200120, China;
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China

Received date: 2025-02-06

Online published: 2025-07-22

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摘要

首先,结合静电纺丝技术和固相分离法,通过添加聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（polymethylmethacrylate,PMMA）作为致孔剂,对聚丙烯腈（polyacrylonitrile,PAN）纳米纤维基膜进行微结构调控.然后,通过偕胺肟化,制备了海水提铀（uranium,U）多级孔纳米纤维吸附（hierarchically porous nanofiber adsorption,PM-PAO-F）膜.最后,通过系列表征和实验研究了其吸附动力学、热力学及吸附机理.结果表明:PMMA作为致孔剂,可以成功地在纳米纤维表面构筑次级孔,将PAN基膜的比表面积从8.87增加到22.94 m²/g;同等条件下,将聚偕胺肟（polyamidoxime,PAO）吸附膜的U（VI）吸附容量从25.0提升到51.2 mg/g;PM-PAO-F膜对U（VI）的吸附是吸热反应,符合Langmuir吸附等温线和拟二阶动力学模型,表明吸附过程为均一的单分子层化学吸附;PM-PAO-F膜在12个循环后仍保持88%的吸附容量,具有良好的应用前景.

关键词： 海水提铀; 静电纺丝; 固相分离法; 多级孔纳米纤维; 偕胺肟基

本文引用格式

唐文翔 , 胡士国 , 赵延琴 , 张建桥 , 刘佳祥 , 李继香 . 静电纺丝法制备多级孔纳米纤维吸附膜及其在海水提铀中的应用[J]. 上海大学学报(自然科学版), 2025 , 31(3) : 420 -432 . DOI: 10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2660

Abstract

This study employed electrostatic spinning technology combined with solidphase separation to regulate the microstructure of a polyacrylonitrile（PAN） nanofiber basal membrane. Polymethylmethacrylate（PMMA） was added as a porogen. After amidoximation, a hierarchically porous nanofiber adsorption（PM-PAO-F） membrane was obtained for uranium（U） extraction from seawater. The adsorption kinetics, thermodynamics, and underlying mechanisms were subsequently investigated through a series of characterizations and experiments. The results showed that using PMMA as a porogen successfully generated secondary pores on the nanofiber surface. Consequently, the specific surface area of the PAN-based membrane increased from 8.87 to 22.94 m2/g, and the U（VI） adsorption capacity of the PAO adsorption membrane increased from 25.0 to 51.2 m~2/g under identical conditions. The adsorption kinetics and thermodynamic analyses revealed that the U（VI） adsorption by PM-PAO-F was endothermic. Fitting the experimental data to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model indicated that the adsorption proceeds was uniform monolayer chemisorption. Moreover, the PM-PAO-F membrane retained 88% of its initial adsorption capacity after 12 cycles, highlighting its practical potential.

Key words： uranium（U） extraction from seawater; electrostatic spinning; solid-phase separation; hierarchical porous nanofiber; amidoxime

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