以敦煌莫高窟为代表的石窟文物是中华民族的重要文化遗产. 但是, 在蒸发作用下, 岩 体内部含盐溶液的盐结晶导致石窟壁画等文物受到严重的病害. 研究了石窟环境内盐溶液的 输运和结晶机制, 通过理论分析与模拟盐分浓度空间分布的演化规律, 明晰石窟内盐溶液输运 与结晶的竞争耦合关系. 同时, 引入环境因素, 分析了环境温度、空气相对湿度和风速三个环 境参数对盐溶液结晶的影响, 讨论了盐分结晶的临界环境因素条件, 为相关文物保护提供理论 和操作依据.

Grotto cultural heritage sites, represented by the Mogao Caves in Dunhuang, are important sites in China. However, under the action of evaporation, salt crystallization of the salt solution contained in the rock leads to serious damage to grotto murals and other cultural relics. This study examines the transport and crystallization mechanisms of salt solution in grotto environments. Through theoretical and numerical simulations, we investigated the competitive coupling between salt solution transport and crystallization and the evolution of the spatial distribution of salt concentration. Environmental factors such as ambient temperature, air relative humidity, and wind speed were numerically investigated to determine the critical conditions for salt crystallization. This study considers a combination of environmental control factors necessary to prevent salt crystallization, thus providing a theoretical and operational basis for the protection of related cultural relics.