以云冈石窟砂岩为研究对象, 采用自主设计的试验装置, 基于修正的露点温度计算公 式和实测的温湿度及电阻变化数据, 构建了不同风化程度砂岩内部水气扩散和凝结过程的定 量评价方法. 结果表明: 风化砂岩具有更高的孔隙率和渗透率, 更有利于水气扩散和凝结; 在 水气扩散阶段, 风化程度越高, 水气向内部扩散速度越快, 内部相对湿度越大; 在水气凝结阶 段, 风化程度越高, 内部凝结水形成位置越深, 凝结时间越短; 水气在砂岩内部的凝结深度与其 暴露在高湿环境中的时长呈正相关. 研究成果有助于揭示风化砂岩内部的水气扩散和凝结规 律, 为凝结水的治理提供科学依据.

This study focused on sandstones from the Yungang Grottoes under different degrees of weathering and employed a specially designed experimental setup. Using a modified dew point temperature calculation formula, combined with measured temperature, humidity and electrical resistance data, a quantitative evaluation method was developed for water vapor diffusion and condensation processes in sandstone under varying degrees of weathering. Results showed that weathered sandstone had higher porosity and permeability, facilitating water vapor diffusion and condensation. During the water vapor diffusion stage, higher degrees of weathering were correlated with faster inward diffusion rates and greater internal relative humidity. During the condensation stage, as the degree of sandstone weathering increased, the location where condensation water formed became deeper and occurred earlier. In addition, the condensation depth in the rock was positively correlated with the duration of exposure to high-humidity environments. These findings can help in identifying the patterns of water vapor diffusion and condensation in weathered sandstone, thus providing a scientific basis for dealing with condensation issues at stone cultural heritage sites.