饱水木质文物的定型加固保护方法包括物理法、化学法和生物质法. 物理法是通过改 变气液界面张力, 从而减弱因木材内液体蒸发产生内应力所导致的木材变形, 具有定型作用, 而无加固作用. 化学法是通过加固材料的介入对饱水木材同时起到脱水和加固作用, 加固的原 理包括填充、键合细胞壁, 但是由于加固材料的渗透难以控制, 而且随时间变化加固材料的降 解及其与木材之间的相互作用, 可能会导致木质文物的进一步损坏. 由于生物质材料与木材组 分相容性较高, 近年来越来越多的生物质材料被用来加固保护饱水木材, 但是生物质材料的分 子量、粒径、溶液黏度等因素, 以及木质文物与生物质之间的相互作用阻碍了生物质材料在饱 水木质文物中的渗透, 目前仍处于探索阶段. 已有研究大多针对新型加固材料的研发, 鲜有对 携带加固材料所需介质对木材影响的研究, 未来应更多研究介质对文物保护效果的影响, 且更 多利用材料化学领域表征方法来评估文物保护效果.

The consolidation of waterlogged wooden artifacts involves physical, chemical, and biomaterial methods. Physical methods diminish or eliminate surface tension by altering or circumventing the gas-liquid interface. In addition, shrinkage and deformation are caused by internal stress resulting from liquid evaporation in the wood. However, physical methods can only dehydrate wooden artifacts without consolidation and they cannot be used with severely degraded or large wooden artifacts. Chemical methods introduce consolidants to achieve both dehydration and reinforcement by filling wood cell lumens or interacting with cell walls. However, controlling the penetration of consolidants is diffi- cult, and the penetration time can last for several years. In addition, consolidants can degrade over time, which may damage wooden artifacts. Given the high compatibility between biomaterials and wooden artifacts, a greater number of biomaterials have been used recently to consolidate waterlogged wooden artifacts. Yet, factors such as molecular weight, particle size, and solution viscosity of biomass materials hinder their penetration into waterlogged wood artifacts. This area of research remains mostly unexplored, where the current research has focused on new consolidants, with limited studies on the impact of the media used to carry these consolidants on wood. Future studies should attempt to investigate the influence of the media on protective effects, and to estimate the effects of conservation using material chemistry characterization methods.