以多孔锑 (Sb) 为原料利用微氧化法制备了三氧化二锑/锑 (Sb$_{2}$O$_{3}$/Sb) 复合材料. 首先通过梯度试验确定微氧化温度, 接着通过控制微氧化时长来控制产物中 Sb$_{2}$O$_{3}$ 的含量. 在制备的 Sb$_{2}$O$_{3}$/Sb 复合材料中, Sb 能改善复合物的电子传输能力从而提升倍率性能. Sb$_{2}$O$_{3}$ 提供高容量, 且基于转化反应生成的 Li$_{2}$O 能阻止锑金属的团聚, 提高复合物的循环稳定性. 由于这种协同效应, Sb$_{2}$O$_{3}$/Sb 复合材料在电流密度为 200 mA$\cdot$g$^{-1}$ 时的首次库仑效率为 78.2%, 经过 100 圈循环后容量高达 729.6 mAh$\cdot$g$^{-1}$, 而当电流密度为 10 000 mA$\cdot$g$^{-1}$ 时, 容量仍保持为 203 mAh$\cdot$g$^{-1}$. 对比多孔锑, Sb$_{2}$O$_{3}$/Sb 复合材料的循环和倍率性能均有显著提高.

An antimony (Sb) and Sb$_{2}$O$_{3}$ composite is prepared by mild oxidization of porous Sb. The oxidization temperature is determined through a gradient experiment, and the Sb$_{2}$O$_{3}$ content of the composite is controlled by controlling the oxidization duration. Results show that Sb contributes good conductivity and that the rate performance of the composite is enhanced, whereas Sb$_{2}$O$_{3 }$ contributes high capacity and the Li$_{2}$O produced during the conversion reaction can prevent agglomeration of Sb. As a result of the synergistic effect, the initial Coulombic efficiency of the Sb$_{2}$O$_{3}$/Sb composite is 78.2% and the retained capacity is 729.6 mAh$\cdot$g$^{-1}$ after 100 cycles at a current density of 200 mA$\cdot$g$^{-1}$. The Sb$_{2}$O$_{3}$/Sb composite sustains a capacity of 203 mAh$\cdot$g$^{-1}$ even at a current density of 10 000 mA$\cdot$g$^{-1}$. Compared with porous Sb, both the cyclic and rate performance of the Sb$_{2}$O$_{3}$/Sb composite is significantly enhanced.