量子态的精确制备和相干控制是量子信息处理和固态量子计算中的重要任务。近年来，量子绝热捷径技术已经被广泛用于原子的冷却、转移等量子信息处理过程，旨在加快绝热慢过程，提高量子态制备和传输的保真度。本文介绍了量子绝热捷径技术中不变量反控制法、量子无摩擦动力学等不同方案在半导体量子点中电子态快速且高保真的控制应用，并分析了各类方法以及环境退相干等系统因素对量子态操控的影响。

Fast and accurate quantum state preparation and manipulation are important Tasks in the field of quantum information processing and solid-state-based quantum computing. In recent years, “shortcuts to adiabaticity” have been widely used in atom cooling, transfer, and other quantum information processing Tasks to accelerate slow adiabatic processes. In this study, fast, robust control schemes for electron quantum states in different semiconductor quantum dot systems are reviewed using shortcuts to adiabaticity. The different methods include invariant-based inverse engineering and transitionless quantum driving. The various protocols and effects of environmental decoherence and other system factors on quantum state manipulation are analysed.