以石墨电极为阴极, Ti/IrO$_{2}$-RuO$_{2}$ 电极为阳极, 铁碳粒子和纳米 Fe$_{3}$O$_{4}$ 为非均相催化剂, 采用电芬顿法处理苯酚废水及煤化工废水. 以铁碳粒子为催化剂的三维电极电芬顿 (3D electrode/electro-Fenton, 3D-EF) 工艺能在 1 h 内使苯酚去除率达到 100${\%}$, 5 h 内化学需氧量 (chemical oxygen demand, COD) 去除率达到 80${\%}$, 明显优于以纳米 Fe$_{3}$O$_{4}$ 为催化剂的异相催化电芬顿 (heterogeneous catalytic electro-Fenton, HEF) 工艺的处理效果. 在 3D-EF 工艺对煤化工实际废水的处理过程中, 通过单因素的探讨, 得到如下的最优反应条件: pH 值为 3, 粒子粒径为 2 mm$<\!d\!<$5 mm, 粒子投加量为 10 g (33 g/L), 初始进水 COD 值浓度为 1 400 mg/L. 在此条件下反应 5 h, 3D-EF 工艺对煤化工废水的处理效果最好, COD 去除率接近 40${\%}$, B/C 提高至 0.44. 利用紫外光谱、三维荧光光谱及傅里叶红外光谱对降解前后的溶解性有机物变化进行了分析. 结果表明, 煤化工废水中单环类芳香族化合物的降解效果很好, 废水中 COD 的去除主要来自对酚类化合物的降解.

In this work, an electro-Fenton system with a graphite cathode, a Ti/IrO$_{2}$-RuO$_{2}$ anode, iron-carbon particles and nano-Fe$_{3}$O$_{4}$ heterogeneous catalysts was developed for phenol wastewater and coal liquefaction wastewater. In a 3D electrode/electro-Fenton (3D-EF) reactor coupled with iron-carbon particle catalysts, the removal rate of phenol reached 100${\%}$ in 1 h, and the removal rate of chemical oxygen demand (COD) reached 80${\%}$ in 5 h. That was higher than those in heterogeneous catalytic electro-Fenton (HEF) coupled with nano-Fe$_{3}$O$_{4}$ catalysts. The results indicated that the optimum reaction conditions were controlled as follows: initial pH=3, 2 mm$<d<$5 mm particle size, 10 g (33 g/L) particle dosage, and 1 400 mg/L initial COD concentration. After 5 h of the reaction, high treatment efficiency of coal liquefaction wastewater was obtainedin the 3D-EF system.The removal efficiency of COD was approximately 40${\%}$, and B/C was 0.44. UV spectrum, 3D fluorescence spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were used to investigate variation of dissolved organic matters before and after degradation process. The results show that single ring aromatic compounds in coal liquefaction wastewater is easy to degrade, and removal of COD in wastewater are mainly from degradation of phenolic compounds.