基于星点识别与多帧聚合的航天器识别与定位

doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2549

上海大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2026, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 283-294.doi: 10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2549

• 通信与信息工程 • 上一篇

基于星点识别与多帧聚合的航天器识别与定位

吴群¹, 曾丹¹, 陈宏宇², 谢祥华³, 常亮³

1. 上海大学通信与信息工程学院, 上海 200444;
2. 复旦大学光电研究院, 上海 200433;
3. 中国科学院微小卫星创新研究院, 上海 201304

收稿日期:2023-12-21 发布日期:2026-05-11
通讯作者: 曾丹(1982-), 女, 教授, 博士生导师, 博士, 研究方向为图像处理、计算机视觉等. E-mail:dzeng@shu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金资助项目(62372284)

Spacecraft recognition and localization based on star-point identification and multiframe aggregation

WU Qun¹, ZENG Dan¹, CHEN Hongyu², XIE Xianghua³, CHANG Liang³

1. School of Communication and Information Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;
2. Institute of Optoelectronics, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China;
3. Innovation Academy for Microsatellites of Chinese Academy of Science, Shanghai 201304, China

Received:2023-12-21 Published:2026-05-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 航天器识别与跟踪是航天领域的核心技术,对确保天体中航天器运行的安全性和有效性至关重要.然而在太空环境中,密集星点常常干扰目标的识别过程,同时复杂多变的光照条件也可能导致成像结果不完整,进而影响目标的清晰呈现.因此,提出一种基于星点识别与多帧聚合的航天器识别与定位算法,实现在相机抵近状态下对航天器目标的精准识别.首先,通过星图识别将星点信息映射到航天器成像平面中,剔除天体背景下的密集干扰星点;在此基础上,引入目标聚合算法与连续帧局部区域定位方法解决光照影响下航天器成像不完整及单帧航天器信息受限问题.实验结果表明,所提出算法可有效剔除97%以上的干扰星点,并满足0.2$^{\circ}$偏差范围内的航天器定位精度,具有较高的准确度和鲁棒性.

关键词: 星点识别, 连续帧定位, 目标聚合, 航天器识别定位

Abstract: Spacecraft identification and tracking, which are core technologies in the aero-space field, are crucial for ensuring the safety and effectiveness of spacecraft operation in celestial bodies. However, in the space environment, dense stars interfere with the recognition of targets, and complex and variable lighting conditions may result in incomplete imaging, thereby affecting the clear presentation of targets. Therefore, a spacecraft recognition and positioning algorithm based on star-point recognition and multiframe aggregation is proposed in this study to accurately identify spacecraft targets within the proximity of a camera. This algorithm first maps star-point information to the spacecraft imaging plane via star-map recognition, thus eliminating dense interfering star points in the background of celestial bodies. Subsequently, a target-aggregation algorithm and a continuous-frame local-area localization method are introduced to address the incomplete spacecraft imaging and limited information of single-frame spacecraft due to lighting. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm effectively eliminates more than 97% of interfering star points and satisfies the spacecraft positioning accuracy within a deviation range of $0.2^{\circ}$, thus demonstrating its high accuracy and robustness.

Key words: star-point recognition, continuous-frame localization, target aggregation, spacecraft recognition and localization

中图分类号:

V556

吴群, 曾丹, 陈宏宇, 谢祥华, 常亮. 基于星点识别与多帧聚合的航天器识别与定位[J]. 上海大学学报(自然科学版), 2026, 32(2): 283-294.

WU Qun, ZENG Dan, CHEN Hongyu, XIE Xianghua, CHANG Liang. Spacecraft recognition and localization based on star-point identification and multiframe aggregation[J]. Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）, 2026, 32(2): 283-294.

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基于星点识别与多帧聚合的航天器识别与定位

Spacecraft recognition and localization based on star-point identification and multiframe aggregation

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