环境适应性高比能锂/氟化碳电池用高供体数溶剂的电解液

doi:10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2538

上海大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (5): 895-906.doi: 10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2538

• 材料科学 • 上一篇

环境适应性高比能锂/氟化碳电池用高供体数溶剂的电解液

朱德伦¹, 袁经超¹, 戴扬², 彭雨晴¹, 李文荣², 李爱军¹

1. 上海大学材料科学与工程学院, 上海 200444;
2. 上海大学环境与化学工程学院, 上海 200444

收稿日期:2023-05-12 发布日期:2025-11-12
通讯作者: 李爱军(1975-),男,教授,博士生导师,博士,研究方向为锂电池电极材料、复合材料. E-mail:aijun.li@shu.edu.cn
基金资助:
上海市科学技术委员会资助项目(20ZR1419600)

Environmental-adaptable high energy density lithium-fluorinated carbon batteries enabled by electrolytes with high donor number

ZHU Delun¹, YUAN Jingchao¹, DAI Yang², PENG Yuqing¹, LI Wenrong², LI Aijun¹

1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;
2. School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China

Received:2023-05-12 Published:2025-11-12

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为解决锂/氟化碳(Li/CF$_{x}$)电池电压平台低和低温性能差等问题,提出一种含1,3-二甲基-2-咪唑啉酮(1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone,DMI)高供体数(donor number,DN)溶剂的电解液,用于环境适应性高比能Li/CF$_{x}$电池.结果表明:环境适应性电解液具有低粘度、高浸润性和高离子电导率等特点;DMI具有高DN、高亲核性和强Li$^{+}$溶剂化能力,可降低C-F 断裂能垒;使用环境适应性电解液的Li/CF$_{x}$电池,在$-30$、25 和45 ℃分别具有2.34、2.61 和2.75 V 放电电压平台,最高比能量达到1 632、1 938 和2 155 W$\cdot $h/kg.

关键词: 锂/氟化碳电池, 环境适应性电解液, 供体数, 倍率性能, 高比能

Abstract: To improve the low-temperature performance and voltage plateau of lithium-fluorinated carbon (Li/CF$_{x}$) batteries, a novel electrolyte with a high donor number (DN) solvent 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (DMI) was designed to enhance environmental adaptability and energy density. Research results demonstrated that the environmental adaptable electrolyte exhibited low viscosity, high ionic conductivity, and wettability. Furthermore, DMI possessed a high DN, high nucleophilicity, and strong solvation ability with Li$^{+}$, which reduced the energy barrier for C-F covalent bond cleavage. The Li/CF$_{x}$ batteries with the environmental adaptable electrolyte exhibited a discharge voltage plateau of 2.34, 2.61, and 2.75 V at $-30$, 25 and 45 ℃, respectively. Meanwhile, an ultra-high energy density of 1 632, 1 938 and 2 155 W$\cdot $h/kg was achieved.

Key words: lithium-fluorinated carbon (Li/CF$_{x}$) battery, environmental adaptable electrolyte, donor number (DN), rate capability, high energy density

中图分类号:

TM911

朱德伦, 袁经超, 戴扬, 彭雨晴, 李文荣, 李爱军. 环境适应性高比能锂/氟化碳电池用高供体数溶剂的电解液[J]. 上海大学学报(自然科学版), 2025, 31(5): 895-906.

ZHU Delun, YUAN Jingchao, DAI Yang, PENG Yuqing, LI Wenrong, LI Aijun. Environmental-adaptable high energy density lithium-fluorinated carbon batteries enabled by electrolytes with high donor number[J]. Journal of Shanghai University（Natural Science Edition）, 2025, 31(5): 895-906.

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环境适应性高比能锂/氟化碳电池用高供体数溶剂的电解液

Environmental-adaptable high energy density lithium-fluorinated carbon batteries enabled by electrolytes with high donor number

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