上海大学学报(自然科学版) ›› 2025, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (3): 420-432.doi: 10.12066/j.issn.1007-2861.2660

• 材料科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

静电纺丝法制备多级孔纳米纤维吸附膜及其在海水提铀中的应用

唐文翔1,2, 胡士国1, 赵延琴1, 张建桥1,2, 刘佳祥1, 李继香1,2   

  1. 1. 中国科学院 上海高等研究院, 上海 200120;
    2. 中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
  • 收稿日期:2025-02-06 出版日期:2025-06-30 发布日期:2025-07-22
  • 通讯作者: 李继香(1982-),男,研究员,博士生导师,研究方向为清洁生产与污染控制. E-mail:lijixiang@sari.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国防科工局核技术研发科研基金资助项目(科工二司[2022]1008号);中国海水提铀技术创新联盟创新发展基金资助项目(CNNC-HSTY-2024-015,CNNC-CXLM-202205)

Preparation of a hierarchically porous nanofiber adsorption membrane by electrostatic spinning and its application in uranium extraction from seawater

TANG Wenxiang1,2, HU Shiguo1, ZHAO Yanqin1, ZHANG Jianqiao1,2, LIU Jiaxiang1, LI Jixiang1,2   

  1. 1. Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200120, China;
    2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
  • Received:2025-02-06 Online:2025-06-30 Published:2025-07-22

摘要: 首先,结合静电纺丝技术和固相分离法,通过添加聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethylmethacrylate,PMMA)作为致孔剂,对聚丙烯腈(polyacrylonitrile,PAN)纳米纤维基膜进行微结构调控.然后,通过偕胺肟化,制备了海水提铀(uranium,U)多级孔纳米纤维吸附(hierarchically porous nanofiber adsorption,PM-PAO-F)膜.最后,通过系列表征和实验研究了其吸附动力学、热力学及吸附机理.结果表明:PMMA作为致孔剂,可以成功地在纳米纤维表面构筑次级孔,将PAN基膜的比表面积从8.87增加到22.94 m2/g;同等条件下,将聚偕胺肟(polyamidoxime,PAO)吸附膜的U(VI)吸附容量从25.0提升到51.2 mg/g;PM-PAO-F膜对U(VI)的吸附是吸热反应,符合Langmuir吸附等温线和拟二阶动力学模型,表明吸附过程为均一的单分子层化学吸附;PM-PAO-F膜在12个循环后仍保持88%的吸附容量,具有良好的应用前景.

关键词: 海水提铀, 静电纺丝, 固相分离法, 多级孔纳米纤维, 偕胺肟基

Abstract: This study employed electrostatic spinning technology combined with solidphase separation to regulate the microstructure of a polyacrylonitrile(PAN) nanofiber basal membrane. Polymethylmethacrylate(PMMA) was added as a porogen. After amidoximation, a hierarchically porous nanofiber adsorption(PM-PAO-F) membrane was obtained for uranium(U) extraction from seawater. The adsorption kinetics, thermodynamics, and underlying mechanisms were subsequently investigated through a series of characterizations and experiments. The results showed that using PMMA as a porogen successfully generated secondary pores on the nanofiber surface. Consequently, the specific surface area of the PAN-based membrane increased from 8.87 to 22.94 m2/g, and the U(VI) adsorption capacity of the PAO adsorption membrane increased from 25.0 to 51.2 m~2/g under identical conditions. The adsorption kinetics and thermodynamic analyses revealed that the U(VI) adsorption by PM-PAO-F was endothermic. Fitting the experimental data to the Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the pseudo-second-order kinetic model indicated that the adsorption proceeds was uniform monolayer chemisorption. Moreover, the PM-PAO-F membrane retained 88% of its initial adsorption capacity after 12 cycles, highlighting its practical potential.

Key words: uranium(U) extraction from seawater, electrostatic spinning, solid-phase separation, hierarchical porous nanofiber, amidoxime

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