Table of Content

30 June 2013, Volume 19 Issue 3

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Audio Video Coding Standard

Progress and Application Prospect of Audio Video Coding Standard in China

HUANG Tie-jun1, GAO Wen1, WANG Guo-zhong2

2013, 19(3):  221-224.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.03.001

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Stereoscopic Video Coding Standard in AVS

MA Qian, LI Dong, WANG Qi-fei, ZHANG Yong-bing, JI Xiang-yang, DAI Qiong-hai

2013, 19(3):  225-228.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.03.002

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To meet the demands from the rapidly growing information industry, AVS (audio video coding standard) Group is committed to produce technical standards to provide digital audio-video equipment and systems with high-efficient and economical coding/decoding technologies. In 2008, AVS began to formulate stereoscopic video coding standards including two-channel based interview prediction coding and stereo-packing mode coding. To support the 3DTV service for different displays, the AVS stereoscopic video coding standard sets independent content descriptors for each coding method. So far, formulation of AVS stereoscopic video coding standard has already completed. Multiview video coding standards and free view-point 3D video coding standards may be the next objective for the AVS 3D Adhoc Group.

Laplace Distribution Based Rate Control Algorithm for HEVC

SI Jun-jun, MA Si-wei, WANG Shi-qi, GAO Wen

2013, 19(3):  229-234.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.03.003

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This paper proposes a rate control scheme on the level of coding tree unit (CTU) based on the Laplace distribution modeling of the transformed residuals for high efficiency video coding (HEVC). At first the relationship between the optimal quantization parameter, the Laplace parameter and the Lagrange multiplier is established. Based on this relationship, the quantization parameter for each CTU is dynamically adjusted according to its distribution properties of the transformed residual to achieve high coding performance. Moreover,this paper incorporates this scheme within a rate control algorithm on the frame level to produce accurate rate control as well as high coding performance. Experimental results show that the proposed rate control scheme achieves accurate control as well as better coding performance than both the rate control schemes in the HEVC proposals JCTVC-H0213 and JCTVC-K0103.

Parallel Implementation of AVS Video Encoder Based on CPU+GPU

ZOU Bin-bin, LIANG Fan

2013, 19(3):  235-239.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.03.004

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The video standard of audio video coding standard (AVS) has high compression performance and good network flexibility, which can be used in widespread applications of digital video. To accelerate the AVS encoding for the real-time implement of AVS encoder is an important issue. A parallel implementation of AVS video encoder based on CPU and GPU is proposed, in which motion estimation, integer transform and quantization are computed by a GPU. Experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve realtime encoding for 1 920×1 080 video sequences.

A New Transform Structure for Geometry Motion Partitioning in Video Coding

YUAN Yuan1, ZHENG Xiao-zhen2, HE Yun1

2013, 19(3):  240-244.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.03.005

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This paper proposes a transform structure with arbitrary shape blocks for geometry block partitioning. A square coding block is split into two arbitrary shaped prediction blocks by geometry partitioning, which is more flexible than the partitioning method used in current video coding standards. In the current design, using a square transform block for combined square residual block is not reasonable and will affect transform efficiency. To further improve the transform structure, we propose that the two arbitrary shaped residual blocks are transformed separately with arbitrary shaped transform blocks. A turnover method is used to retain the correlation of residuals. Experimental results show that a bit rate saving of 1.16%~3.05% can be achieved.

Fast Inter-Frame Prediction Algorithm for HEVC Based on Motion Features

HU Jin-wen, TENG Guo-wei, CHENG Yi-long, YAN Ke, LI Guo-ping,ZHAO Hai-wu, WANG Guo-zhong

2013, 19(3):  245-249.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.03.006

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Compared with other video coding standards, the inter-frame prediction of HEVC provides higher coding efficiency, leading to higher coding complexity however. This paper presents a new inter-frame prediction algorithm for HEVC to speed up the process. The method is based on motion features of coding unit (CU). It takes different optimization measures according to different motion features to reduce the inter-frame prediction time. Experiments on HM6.0 show that the proposed algorithm can reduce encoding time by about 53.33% for the same performance of the original algorithm.

Communication and Information Engineering

High-Speed Real-Time Optical OFDM Transmission System Based on Asynchronous Clock

WANG Min, YU Li-hui, FENG Jun-fei, FU Lei, XU Chao-xing,ZHANG Luo-wei, SONG Ying-xiong

2013, 19(3):  250-253.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.03.007

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As orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has unique advantages, it has been widely used in radio communications. In recent years, OFDM has been introduced into optical communications. Until now, studies of optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OOFDM) are mainly concentrated on
offline experimental analysis and based on real-time analysis with the global clock. This paper demonstrates a high-speed real-time optical OFDM transceiver system based on asynchronous clock transmitting 2.5 Gbit/s 16-QAM-encoded OOFDM signals over 25 km standard single-mode fiber (SMF). The bit error rate is less than 1.2×10⁻⁵.

Reversible Data Hiding Based on Reorder and Histogram Shifting in Palette Images

REN Hui, LI Feng-yong, ZHANG Xin-peng, YU Jiang

2013, 19(3):  254-258.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.03.008

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This paper proposes a novel reversible data hiding method for palette images based on the characteristics of the palette image and its histogram. The 256 palette colors are reordered to make colors of neighboring indices close. Then the pixel color indices, which are based on the maximum and the minimum
points of the color index histogram of the image are used to embed data. The reordering improves visual quality and embedding capacity. Experimental results and performance comparison with other reversible data hiding scheme for palette images are presented. It can embed more data than many of the existing reversible data hiding algorithms, and overcomes their limitations.

Power Allocation and Interference Mitigation Schemes for Cellular System with Base Station Cooperation on the Downlink

AI Ting, WU Zhuo

2013, 19(3):  259-265.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.03.009

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Capacity of a cellular system on the downlink is significantly limited by inter-cell interference (ICI), especially at the cell boundary. Multi-cell joint processing can mitigate ICI and thereby greatly improve performance and spectral efficiency of cellular systems. This paper considers a cellular system with base
station (BS) cooperation on the downlinkand propose an adaptive power allocation scheme to compensate the channel fading effect. Further, a BS cooperation transmission method is proposed to remove ICI experienced by cell boundary users. The method is inner joint distributed space-time coding (IN-J-DSTC) BS cooperation transmission with pre-coding. Simulation results show that the bit error rate (BER) performance can be significantly improved by effectively suppressing ICI with the proposed BS cooperation schemes and by allocating transmit power adaptively between the source and the cooperative BS according to the channels between them and the destination.

Equivalent Models and Experiments of Rectenna Arrays

WANG Ye-qing, YANG Xue-xia, JIANG Chao

2013, 19(3):  266-270.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.03.010

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A rectenna is equivalent to a series circuit of a DC power and a load. Equivalent models of series and parallel of rectenna arrays are proposed, so that the relationship of the optimum loads and the element numbers for the series and parallel rectenna arrays are obtained. Using a rectenna element with low power density applications, the two-element parallel array is analyzed with ADS software. The two-element arrays in series and in parallel are measured. Simulated and measured results of the parallel array and measured results of the series array are approximately in accordance with their equivalent models, showing effectiveness of the equivalent models. Suggestions are given for designing large rectenna arrays.

Computer Engineering and Science

Host-Based Attack Graph for Attack Recognition

QIAN Quan, ZHU Wei, LAI Yan-yan, ZHANG Rui

2013, 19(3):  271-279.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.03.011

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This paper establishes a system of network attack recognition based on attack graph by defining a SAGML language, which uses three elements: state, behavior and relationship to describe an attack. State and behavior chain structure of the attack graph, and the construction and analysis of attack graph based on XML are discussed in detail. To improve efficiency of attack graph retrieval, the attack graph indexing and matching strategy are studied. Two typical attacks, SYNFlood and Peacomm, are used to show applications of the proposed method.

Extension of C Language in Ternary Optical Computer

GAO Huan1,2, JIN Yi1,2, SONG Kai1,2,3

2013, 19(3):  280-285.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.03.012

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To make use of the two characteristics of ternary optical computer (TOC) in C programs, hardware re-configurability and the excessive bit numbers, a new technique is developed, which can be divided into two parts. The user visible part includes some extension commands of C language and software of creating a user’s operation request file. These extension commands have the same form with C function and a specialized prefix of SZG_ . The operation request file is automatically produced from the input data and corresponding operation that are entered by user through an especial interface. A suffix .SZG is added to the file, called a SZG file. The SZG file format corresponds to the TOC file protocol. The operation results returning from TOC are also saved in the same path of the user submitted SZG file and named“submitted file name _R.SZG”. The user invisible part includes an extension commands compiling processor, a generation mechanism of SZG file, a state of operation request recording processor, and a result receiving processor and serving processor on the TOC. Using this technique, the user can use the TOC in C programs without changing their programming habits. Experiments have been done on a TOC simulation system consisting of a PC and an embedded system, and the feasibility of the technique is shown.

Domain-Oriented Analysis of Software Quality Features

DU Chun-ye1,2, ZHANG Bo-feng1, CAI Li-zhi2

2013, 19(3):  286-292.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.03.013

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With the rapid development of information technology, software quality has become one of the users’ most concerns. However, due to the difficulties of correctness proof of software products, software quality problems do not have a convincing evaluation method. Especially, evaluation methods in different areas are based on the same kind of indices but lack individuality. This paper proposes different evaluation indices for different software quality requirements and application in different areas, which can provide a basis for a benchmark system of domain-oriented software products, and meet the increasing needs of the software industry.

Mathematics.Physics and Chemistry

Markowitz Portfolio Model Based on Random Matrix Theory

TANG Xiao-qing1, BAI Yan-qin1, LIU Nian-zu2, LIU Ying3

2013, 19(3):  293-297.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.03.014

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Markowitz’s mean-variances model in this paper is improved, and the random matrix theory is used that can identify extreme sampling data and relevance data to get rid of those data such that more accurate estimate of mean and variance can be gotten. Then Bootstrap method to solve the problem of insufficient
sample is used.

Note on Cheater Detection in Secret Sharing Scheme Using Projection Matrix

WANG Li1,2, WANG Qing-wen1

2013, 19(3):  298-302.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.03.015

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The security deficiency against cheating, which lies in a threshold secret sharing scheme is analyzed with the method of orthogonal projection matrix over finite field. There exists some illicit participant successfully passing the check by his forged shares and reconstructing a wrong secret without being perceived. A strict proof shows that the cheater has non-negligible advantage in above deception.

Computation of Bivariate Homogeneous Matrix Padé-Type Approximation

PAN Bao-zhen, LIU Yong, PAN Lu-lu

2013, 19(3):  303-307.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.03.016

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With appropriate variable replacement, the bivariate homogeneous matrix formal power series is transformed to univariate matrix formal power series with parameters. The bivariate homogeneous matrix Padé-type approximation was defined. To improve computation accuracy, using an error formula, the numerator and denominator in the determinant expressions of bivariate homogeneous matrix orthogonal polynomial Padé-type approximation are given based on the matrix E_MN. A Sylvester-type recursive algorithm is presented to avoid computation of high degree determinants. A numerical example shows effectiveness of the algorithm.

Stability of a Delayed Model with the Mechanism of Information Exchange

ZHANG Zhong-hua1, MENG Qing-xun2, SUO Yao-hong1

2013, 19(3):  308-314.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.03.017

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To characterize the competition between immune cells and bacteria, a microcosmic dynamical model with delayed quorum sensing mechanism is constructed. According to the Liapunov staiblity theory, the center manifold theorem and the norm form theory, local and global stability of the bacteria free equilibrium, existence and globally asymptotical stability of the positive equilibrium, and stability of the nonhyperbolic bacteria free equilibrium are studied for any positive delay.

Decision-Making Behavior of Pedestrians at Intersection without Traffic Lights

WEI Yan-fang1,2, SHI Wei3, KUANG Hua4, SONG Tao1, DONG Li-yun1

2013, 19(3):  315-318.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.03.018

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This paper conducts a set of field measurements to obtain data of decision-making behavior and crossing speed of pedestrians at an intersection without traffic lights in downtown Wuzhou, Guangxi. The concepts of decision-making distance and critical safety distance are introduced through analysis and fitting of statistical data. The observed data show that pedestrians’ crossing speed at off-peak hour fluctuates around the mean speed and does not perfectly obey the normal distribution based on the D’Agostino test. The mean speed at off-peak hour is only 0.6 m/s when the waiting time is counted, whereas it is 0.8 m/s without considering the waiting time.

Convex Curve Combination Flow on a Plane

HUANG Ping-liang, ZHOU Bei-bei

2013, 19(3):  319-323.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.03.019

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Two kinds of convex curve flows on a plane were studies. One is combination of an area-preserving curve flow proposed and a length-preserving curve flow proposed, this flow reduces the curve length but increases the enclosed area in the evolution process, the other is convex combination of the length-preserving curve flows, it keeps the length constant and expands the area. The two curvature flows exist globally and converge to a circle in the C^∞ metric as time goes to infinity.

Mechatronics Engineering and Automation

Design and Implementation of SPWM Controller Based on Modulation Wave Cycle Normalization

JIANG Chao, HU Yue-li

2013, 19(3):  324-330.  doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-2861.2013.03.020

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A sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) controller based on modulation wave cycle normalization is designed. The controller can operate in two modes: user defined and captured frequency scaling. Let T be the period of sinusoidal modulation wave, and T/n (n=10) the cycle of triangular carrier. The relative time value of SPWM wave on-off switching points are first calculated off-line. A shift register and adder are used to translate these data to control the level trigger moment of the SPWM wave. The scaling frequency SPWM signal for external signal can be realized with the SPWM module used. With the SPWM controller integrated in SHU-MV08a, register-transfer level (RTL) function simulation verification by ModelSim, and testing for printed circuit board (PCB) testing system have been achieved. The results show that the proposed SPWM controller is reliable, with practical significance. The modulation wave cycle normalization based on sinusoidal wave can also be used for any modulation wave.